Untitled

January 1, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Share Embed Donate


Short Description

Isn't that what they call the fundamental part of Chinese characters? .... In Portuguese however, this is how many educa...

Description

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #1 Getting to the Heart of a Portuguese Matter

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 7 11

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

# COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

1

PORTUGUESE 1.

Professora:

Classe! Atenção! Hoje falaremos sobre raízes. Sim, Mariana?

2.

Mariana:

Mas professora, não estamos na aula de português? Eu odeio botânica.

3.

(class chuckles)

4.

Professora:

Sim, Mariana, estamos na aula de português. Hoje vamos falar sobre as raízes das palavras. Mariana, você poderia ler o primeiro parágrafo na página 254?

5.

Mariana:

Sim. Então, segundo o livro, uma raiz gramatical é - Radical primário ou irredutível de uma língua, comum a todas as palavras de uma mesma família, como, por exemplo, a raiz fug, presente em fugir, fugaz, refúgio, etc. Ou como cham- em chamar e chamado.

6.

Professora:

Exatamente Mariana. Então, a raiz é a parte do verbo ou substantivo que exprime a idéia geral da palavra. Em lingüística, chamam a raiz de radical ou lexical.

7.

Mariana:

Não é assim que chamam a parte fundamental dos caracteres chineses?

8.

Professora:

Sim Mariana. Você poderia nos dar uma definição de caracteres?

9.

Mariana:

Sim. Meu dicionário fala o seguinte - um sinal, letra, símbolo, número, sinal de pontuação, ou qualquer figura usada na escrita.

10.

Professora:

Excelente.

ENGLISH CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

2

1.

Professor:

Class! Attention! Today we'll talk about roots. Yes, Mariana?

2.

Mariana:

But teacher, aren't we in Portuguese class? I hate botany.

3.

Professor:

Yes, Mariana, we are in Portuguese class. Today we're going to talk about word roots. Mariana, could you read the first paragraph on page 254?

4.

Mariana:

Yes. So, according to the textbook, a grammatical root is—"A primary or irreducible radical of a language, common to all words in that word family such as, for example, the root fug-, present in fugir, fugaz, refúgio, etc. Or like cham- in chamar and chamado."

5.

Professor:

Exactly, Mariana. So, the root is the part of the verb or noun that shows the general idea of the word. In linguistics, they call a root a radical or a lexical.

6.

Mariana:

Isn't that what they call the fundamental part of Chinese characters?

7.

Professor:

Yes Mariana. Could you give us a definition for character?

8.

Mariana:

Sure. My dictionary says the following—"a sign, letter, symbol, number, punctuation mark, or any figure used in writing."

9.

Professor:

Excellent.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

refúgio

refuge

noun

masculine

raiz

root

noun

feminine

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

3

botânica

botany

noun

feminine

substantivo

noun

noun

masculine

fugir

to run away, to flee

verb

refugiar

to take refuge

verb

léxico

lexical

noun

masculine

dicionário

dictionary

noun

masculine

irredutível

irreducible

adjective

fugaz

short-lived

adjective

caractere

character

noun

masculine

radical

radical

noun

masculine

exprimir

to express

verb

símbolo

symbol

noun

masculine

pontuação

punctuation

noun

feminine

expressar

to express

verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES Os fugitivos da guerra acharam refúgio em nosso país.

As árvores no Brazil tem muitas raízes. "The trees in Brazil have many roots."

"The war fugitives found refuge in our country." Botânica é a ciência que estuda as

No português, o substantivo possui

plantas.

gênero.

"Botany is the science that studies plants."

"In Portuguese, nouns have gender."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

4

O nome do aluno fugiu-me na hora de

Muita gente da África se refugia no

interrogá-lo.

Brasil.

"The student's name escaped me when I

"Many people from Africa take refuge in

went to interrogate him."

Brazil."

O chinês tem muitas palavras no seu

Eu tenho um dicionário Inglês-Francês.

léxico.

"I have an English-French dictionary."

"Chinese has many lexical words." Os sindicalistas estavam irredutíveis em relação a suas propostas de

mocidade fugaz "short-lived youth"

aumento salarial. "The union members were irreducible in relation to their salary increase proposals." Caracteres são qualquer figura usada na escrita de uma língua.

Em aluna, o radical é alun-. "In aluna, the radical is alun-."

"Characters are any mark used in a language's writing." A raiz é a parte do verbo ou substantivo que exprime a idéia geral da palavra.

Símbolos são úteis no ensino. "Symbols are useful in teaching."

"The root is the part of the verb or noun that shows the general idea of the word." A pontuação do português é diferente do inglês.

Ele lia e expresava-se muito bem. "He read and expressed himself very well."

"Portuguese punctuation is different than English punctation." Ele foi expressar seus sentimentos para ela. "He went to express his feelings to her."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

5

Meu dicionário diz The literal translation is, "My dictionary says," and that's exactly what it means. It's also used the same way as it is in English. We just wanted to point out that here the word diz was used instead of fala. This is because it sounds better. Brazilians use the verb falar, which means "to speak," much more than English does. However, in Portuguese, Livro não fala, ele diz. And just a quick tip: it's dicionário not dikcionário. parágrafo The literal translation for parágrafo is "paragraph" and that's also its meaning. It's also used pretty much the same way as it is in English. This is one of those words that you don't think to look up and know but when you don't know what it is, it's a bit embarrassing. At least, it was for me. Sample Sentence: 1.

Tem cinco parágrafos nesta página. "There are five paragraphs on this page."

Remember there's an accent on the second -a, which means that's where the tonic syllable should be. como, por exemplo, ... Literally translated this means, "Like, for example," and that's what it means in English as well, but in English this is a bit redundant. In Portuguese however, this is how many educated people write and speak. This is used when you are giving examples of something. exprimir Sounds like it should be something like squeeze but it means, "to express, to represent." In the dialogue, this was used in the sense of showing. The meaning is shown (exprimido) by a certain grammatical element. This is a very smart word and isn't used too often in normal conversation. But it isn't jargon and most Brazilians will understand it. Is that "-x," a "-z," "-sh," "s," or "-ks"? lingüística Linguística means the same thing as it does in English so there's no issues with meaning, and it's used in the same way too. The important thing to understand here is that before the change in orthography, linguística was written with what's called a trema, which are those two dots above the "-u." The trema has been completely discontinued in the new orthography.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

6

Now, even though the trema has been removed, the pronunciation hasn't changed so the "-u" in gui is still pronounced and has a kind of "w" sound. sinal The literal translation is "signal" but it means "mark," as in a mark on a page, and it can be used in the same general way that it is in English. A linguistics paper I was reading used the term sinal to identify pretty much any kind of writing possible, just like in the dialogue. I was watching a movie about some slave trading and at one point a slave was asked to sign a paper. Since he didn't know how to read or write they asked him to "make his mark" by saying, faz o seu sinal. Be careful because sinal can also mean "traffic light." Remember that when you have an "-i" at the end of a word the "i" makes a "u" sound. So it's sinal. pontuação The literal translation is "pointuation," but it has two meanings: "punctuation" or "scoring." In this lesson, it was used to mean "punctuation" and it's often used in that sense. Because of the double meaning, you need to be careful in context. For example, if you're watching a futebol game and you start talking about pontuação, everyone around you is going to think you're talking about the score. Remember it's p'o'ntuação and not p'u'ntuação. escrita Escrita has two possible meanings, one as a noun and one as an adjective. As an adjective it means "written," and as a noun it means "writing" or "written form." In the dialogue, escrita is used as a noun and refers to the written form of Portuguese. So when you want to talk about the written form of Portuguese you say a escrita and not o escrito. Be aware that escrita can be both a noun and an adjective but escrito can only be an adjective.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is raízes Então a raiz é a parte do verbo ou substantivo que exprime a idéia geral da palavra. "So, a root is the part of the verb or noun that shows the general idea of the word."

When talking about Portuguese verb conjugation in English we often use the "word stem." The Portuguese translation for "stem" is not pecíolo, and not pé, and not haste, or any other thing. Those translations can work for botany but in grammar and linguistics, and most importantly, to the normal Brazilian, the correct word is raiz. Raiz has it's tonic syllable on the

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

7

"-i" but it does not have an accent on the "-i" because the "-z" pulls the tonic syllable to the last syllable. However, the plural form raízes does have an accent. Raízes needs an acute accent because the "-z" is no longer the last letter in the word. "Conjugation is the process whereby a raiz is changed in some way....," or in Portuguese, the raiz. So, what is the raiz? A raiz is the "basic unit of meaning of a verb." It remains constant no matter what might precede or follow it. Constituir Notice that the raiz constitu- is found in each phrase and that the letters preceding or following the raiz merely expand its basic meaning. Let's look at the same phrases in Portuguese. vai

constitu

ir

está

constitu

indo

constitu

i

constitu

a

constitu

irá

constitu

iria

constitu

iu

Sample Sentences: 1.

O que constituia um casamento na China? "What used to constitute a marriage in ancient China?"

2.

Promover o isolamento do empregado constitui assédio moral. "Promoting the isolation of employees constitutes moral harassment.'

Notice how Portuguese adds letters before or after the raiz to expand it's meaning, just as English does. These are the 'changes' spoken of in the definition. Making an Infinitive

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

8

Let's take a look at one way the raiz is changed. In English, we place the word "to" before the raiz to create the infinitive. An infinitive is the verb form found in the dictionary and is the form we use as a starting point for deriving other verb forms through conjugation. An infinitive is formed in Portuguese by adding the letters "-ar," "-er," or "-ir" to the raiz. Compare the following infinitives in English and Portuguese: Notice that English places the word "to" before the raiz. Portuguese speakers place the letters "-ar," "-er," or "-ir" after the raiz and attach them to the raiz to form one word. Before "-e"... When Verbs End in... -car

-qu replaces -c

-gar

-gu relpaces -g

-çar

-c replaces -ç

Common Verbs Ending in -car, -gar, -çar ficar

"to stay, remain"

brincar

"to play"

machucar

"to hurt"

dedicar

"dedicate"

mancar

"to limp"

esticar

"to stretch"

brigar

"to quarrel"

ligar

"to connect, turn on"

desligar

"disconnect, turn off"

esmagar

"to crush"

pregar

"to preach"

começar

"to begin"

lançar

"to cast, throw"

abraçar

"to embrace, to hug"

avançar

"to advance"

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

9

Sample Sentences Portuguese

"English"

Eu fiquei aqui.

"I stayed here."

Fique aqui!

"Stay here!"

Eu desliguei o rádio.

"I turned off the radio."

Ligue a televisão, por favor.

"Turn on the television, please."

Eu comecei a ler o livro ontem.

"I began to read the book yesterday."

Comecem a ler o manual hoje.

"Start reading the manual today."

Before "-o" and "-a" When Verbs End in... -cer

-ç replaces -c

-gir

-j replaces -g

Common Verbs Ending in -cer, -gir conhecer

"to be aquatinted with"

vencer

"to win, to conquer, to overcome"

torcer

"to twist"

descer

"to descend, go down"

crescer

"to grow"

esquecer

"to forget"

corrigir

"to correct"

afligir (-se)

"to afflict (oneself)"

dirigir

"to direct, to drive"

surgir

"to come forth"

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

10

Sample Sentences Portuguese

"English"

Eu conheço aquele homem.

"I know that man."

Queremos que a sua confiança cresça.

"We want your confidence to grow."

Eu corrijo os erros dos estudantes.

"I correct the mistakes of the students."

Ele quer que você dirija a reunião no

"He wants you to direct the meeting on

domnigo.

Sunday."

CULTURAL INSIGHT Book Talk

In the dialogue, we heard both casual speech and written text which illustrates how speaking and writing are often so different. Until now, we have focused on speaking correct Brazilian Portuguese. We've taught all the daily grammar, 100% of the universal pronunciation topics, and by now we've covered over 10,000 vocabulary words. Written Portuguese however, is another matter. The complexity of Portuguese grammar allows it to be very flexible particularly in word order. And some things that are a bit strange in spoken Portuguese are often required in written Portuguese. This makes written Portuguese considerably more technical than spoken Portuguese, requiring words, grammar, and structures so complicated that even natives have to read carefully. In this Upper Intermediate series we will include sections from a number of technical sources as well as furthering your conversational abilities. We'll focus on reading and understanding written Portuguese as well as properly using Brazilian idioms.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #1 - GETTING TO THE HEART OF A PORTUGUESE MATTER

11

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #2 A Peculiar Place for Portuguese Pick-up Lines

CONTENTS 2 3 4 4 5 6 7

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

# COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2

PORTUGUESE 1.

Lisa:

Bom dia.

2.

Leonardo:

ah...bom, bom dia senhorahh...don..ahh...pois não?

3.

Lisa:

Estou com um problema.

4.

Leonardo:

Eu e eu gostaria de ajudar. Ah...que tipo de problema?

5.

Lisa:

Meu celular não liga mais.

6.

Leonardo:

Ah tá. Esse é o modelo NX-857 da Digicam. Ele tem um parafuso aqui atrás que às vezes solta.

7.

Lisa:

Uh huh.

8.

Leonardo:

Aí é só apertar e pronto. Tá novinho. Aqui está.

9.

Lisa:

Wow! Vocês nerds são bons mesmo! Agora só precisa fazer um teste. Qual é o seu número?

10.

Leonardo:

9866-4837

11.

Lisa:

Tá bom.

12.

(toque de celular)

13.

Leonardo:

Perfeito! Mais alguma coisa?

14.

Lisa:

Bem...agora que você tem o meu número, eu vou esperar a sua ligação.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #2 - A PECULIAR PLACE FOR PORTUGUESE PICK-UP LINES

2

15.

Leonardo:

ahhhh...

ENGLISH 1.

Lisa:

Good morning!

2.

Leonardo:

Ah...Good, good morning ma'am ...ahh...miss...ahhh...Can I help you?

3.

Lisa:

I have a problem.

4.

Leonardo:

And I'd like to help. Ah...what kind of problem?

5.

Lisa:

My mobile won't turn on anymore.

6.

Leonardo:

Ah yes. This is the Digicam NX-857. It has a small screw on the back that sometimes gets loose.

7.

Lisa:

Uh huh.

8.

Leonardo:

After that it's just tighten it and you're set. Just like new. Here you go.

9.

Lisa:

Wow! You nerds are good! Now I just need to test it. What's your number?

10.

Leonardo:

9866-4837

11.

Lisa:

Okay.

12.

(mobile rings)

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #2 - A PECULIAR PLACE FOR PORTUGUESE PICK-UP LINES

3

13.

Leonardo:

Perfect! Anything else?

14.

Lisa:

Well...now that you have my number, I'll just wait for your phone call.

15.

Leonardo:

Ahhhh...

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

problema

problem

noun

masculine

ligar

turn on

verb

ligar

call, connect

verb

modelo

model

noun

masculine, feminine

parafuso

screw

noun

masculine

atrás

behind

adverb

soltar

to release, to let go

verb

apertar

press, tighten

verb

nerd

nerd

noun

masculine

teste

test

noun

masculine

vez

turn, time

noun

masculine

ligação

call, connection

noun

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES Não tem problema.

O homem liga a luz.

"No problem."

"The man turns on the light."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #2 - A PECULIAR PLACE FOR PORTUGUESE PICK-UP LINES

4

Não me ligue de novo.

Eu não sei o modelo desse aparelho.

"Don't call me again."

"I don't know this device's model."

As modelos desfilam na passarela.

A modelo Gisele Bündchen é gaúcha.

"The models parade on the catwalk."

"The Top Model, Gisele Bündchen, is from Rio Grande do Sul."

Eu perdi os dois parafusos. "I lost both screws."

O banheiro fica logo atrás do seu assento. "The bathroom is right behind your seat."

Solta a minha mão! "Let go of my hand!"

O funcionário do escritório está apertando o botão. "The office worker is pressing the button."

Eu sou um nerd.

Teremos teste de geografia amanhã.

"I am a nerd."

"We'll have a geography test tomorrow."

É a sua vez agora.

A ligação está ruim.

"It's your turn now."

"The connection is bad."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Apertar Apertar translates to, "to tighten." In normal use, however, it has quite a few possible translations. In the dialogue, apertar is referring to a screw so it means "to tighten" or "to screw." For example, in Portuguese you say aperta o parafuso to mean, "to tighten the screw." You'd also say Ele apertou meu braço to mean "He grabbed my arm." Mais alguma coisa The literal translation is, "more some thing," but it means "anything else?" or "anything more?" Notice how the mais comes at the beginning and not at the end, like it does in English. If you

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #2 - A PECULIAR PLACE FOR PORTUGUESE PICK-UP LINES

5

want to put it at the end you have to add a preposition and it becomes alguma coisa à mais? Bons mesmo The literal translation is, "good really," but it means, "really good." Here the word mesmo, which means "same," is used to emphasis what was said before. It's just an intensifier but it is usually accompanied by an intense tone of voice. You should also note that mesmo is not pluralized when it's used as an intensifier. Fazer um teste vs. testar The literal translation is, "make a test," but it means, "to take a test" or "to have a test done" when you're talking about a doctor's exam or something like that. There is a verb which means "to test" but just as in English, it has a different meaning. Testar means "to test something," whereas fazer um teste means "to take a test."

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is Prepositions, Adjectives, and Adverbs in Active Sentences Ele tem um parafuso aqui atrás que as vezes solta. "It has a small screw on the back that sometimes gets loose."

Both Portuguese and English have both active and passive grammars. Portuguese tends to use passive grammar much more than English. In English and Portuguese, the difference between active and passive sentences is mostly shown by word order. João mandou para o menino na escola um elefante. Na escola is called a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is made up of two parts: a preposition and an object of the preposition. The object of the preposition is a noun that in some way relates to a word in the sentence and is always preceded by a preposition ("preposition"). The preposition describes how the noun is related to the word in the sentence. It may tell location (em Maceió), possession (do Ronei), time (às sete), manner (por carro), agent (por Alex), etc. Some common prepositions are: para, de, depois (de), até, para baixo, para cima, sem, antes de, com, etc. João mandou para o menino na escola um elefante grande. The underlined words in the above example are called adjectives. They specify or modify nouns. For Example:

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #2 - A PECULIAR PLACE FOR PORTUGUESE PICK-UP LINES

6

João mandou para o menino na escola um elefante.

1.

"John sent the boy at school an elephant." João mando um elefante para o menino na escola.

2.

"John sent an elephant to the boy at school." João mandou um elefante grande para o menino na escola.

3.

"John sent a big elephant to the boy at school." Adverbs are also an important part of grammar. Adverbs João felizmente mandou para o menino na escola um elefante grande. Many adverbs are recognized by the -mente ending but many. Adverbs can modify a sentence, a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. They often answer the questions "how," "where," and "when." For Example: 1.

João, com receio, mandou para o menino na escola um elefante. Com receio is a phrasal adverb.

2.

João felizmente mandou para o menino na escola um elefante grande.

3.

João, com receio, mandou para o menino na escola um elefante.

Examples from this lesson: 1.

Esse é o modelo NX-857 da Digicam. "This is the Digicam NX-857."

CULTURAL INSIGHT Pick Up Lines

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #2 - A PECULIAR PLACE FOR PORTUGUESE PICK-UP LINES

7

Pick up lines are not a very good way to start a relationship but they can be good conversation starters if you use them correctly. A conversation is a great way to start a relationship. One thing that Brazilians love (and I assume the Portuguese as well) is double and hidden meanings. Brazilian music and poetry is full of these hidden meanings. In this series we are going to teach you some hidden meanings behind some of the expressions used in the dialogues. But be careful, sometimes by the way you say something you can infer a double meaning where there isn't one; and you might interpret a double meaning where there wasn't one intended.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #2 - A PECULIAR PLACE FOR PORTUGUESE PICK-UP LINES

8

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #3 A Suspicious Portuguese Agenda

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 6 8

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

# COPYRIGHT © 2015 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

3

PORTUGUESE 1.

Marlon: Por que você não liga pra ela?

2.

Leonardo: Ahn, você a viu?

3.

Marlon: Vi sim. Que me faz repetir a pergunta, por que você não liga pra ela?

4.

Leonardo: Porque eu moro no planeta Terra.

5.

Marlon: E ela também! E pelo DDD parece que mora aqui perto.

6.

Leonardo: Por que isto te interessa?

7.

Marlon: Ahn bem porque eu sei que cabe na sua agenda aproveitar uma ótima oportunidade.

8.

Leonardo: Você tá precisando de dinheiro?

9.

Marlon: Tô sim mas só um cinquentinha.

10.

Leonardo: Cinquenta reais? Ha! Pra que? Você saiu ontem com aquela moça da festa?

11.

Marlon: Sabe como é, né. Você me conhece.

12.

Leonardo: E vai sair mais uma vez hoje a noite?

13.

Marlon: Vou sim. Essa Adriana tá me tirando a atenção.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #3 - A S US PI CI OUS PORT UGUES E AGENDA

2

1.

Marlon: Why do you not call her?

2.

Leonardo: Ah, did you see her?

3.

Marlon: Yes I did. Which makes me repeat the question, why are you not going to call her?

4.

Leonardo: Because I live on planet earth.

5.

Marlon: And so does she! And by the area code, it looks like she lives nearby.

6.

Leonardo: Why do you care?

7.

Marlon: Ah, well, because I know your agenda can fit a great opportunity.

8.

Leonardo: Do you need money?

9.

Marlon: Yeah I do but only fifty bucks.

10.

Leonardo: Fifty bucks? Ha! What for? Did you go out yesterday with that girl from the party?

11.

Marlon: You know me all too well.

12.

Leonardo: And you're going out again tonight?

13.

Marlon: Indeed. I can't get that Adriana out of my mind.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

English

C lass

Ge nde r

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #3 - A S US PI CI OUS PORT UGUES E AGENDA

3

planeta

planet

noun

masculine

menina

girl

noun

feminine

tirar

to take

verb

repetir

to repeat

verb

terra

earth, Earth

noun

tirar

take off

verb

oportunidade

opportunity, chance

noun

feminine

feminine

to enjoy, to take advantage of

aproveitar

(positively), to avail

verb

onesself of DDD

area code

noun

masculine

atenção

attention

noun

feminine

to be interested in, to interessar

be concerned about, to care about

verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES Eu moro no planeta Terra.

A menina está indo dormir.

"I live on planet Earth."

"The girl is about to sleep."

Ela adora tirar fotos.

Repita, por favor.

"She likes taking pictures."

"Please repeat."

Por favor repita.

Ele repetiu.

"Please repeat."

"He repeated."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #3 - A S US PI CI OUS PORT UGUES E AGENDA

4

Ele sempre repete o mesmo erro.

Você poderia repetir?

"He always repeats the same mistake."

"Could you repeat that?"

Fazendeiros trabalham com a terra.

Tire os sapatos antes de ir para a cama.

"Farmers work with the earth."

"Take off your shoes before you go to bed."

Esta é uma ótima oportunidade de

Eu vou aproveitar muito essa viagem.

emprego.

"I'm going to enjoy this trip a lot." or "I'm

"This is a great employment opportunity."

going to take advantage of every benefit of this trip."

O DDD de Brasília é sessenta e um.

Você toma muito minha atenção.

"Brasília's area code is sixty-one."

"You take up a lot of my attention."

Por que vocês se interesaram por este assunto? "Why have you become interested in this subject?"

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Moro no planeta Terra The literal translation is, "I live on planet earth," and it means the exact same thing as this phrase does in English. (I'll be honest, I think this is an imported phrase from English and to me it still sounds just a little bit off, but I have heard natives use this so it must be okay at least in some situations.) DDD DDD is an acronym for discagem direta à distância, or better, "long-distance dialing." When someone throws out DDD they are usually talking about the two digit number used to identify area codes in Brazil. Every state has one DDD and most have more than one. Pelo DDD in practice is the same as "by the area code." Just remember that "-d" is pronounced [dê]. Por que isto te interessa?

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #3 - A S US PI CI OUS PORT UGUES E AGENDA

5

The literal translation is, "why this you interests?" or better, "Why does this interest you?" but it means, "Why do you care?" This can have a strong negative feeling so make sure you say it with a positive tone. Unless of course you want it to have a negative tone. Then you have to live with the consequences. Cinquentinha The literal translation is, "little fifty" but its almost the same as "fifty bucks." Pra que? The literal translation is, "For what?" but it means "What for?" and it has almost the same feeling as the English meaning. Sabe como é The literal translation is, "You know how it is," and that's exactly what it means. Você me conhece The literal translation is, "You know me." The usage is pretty much the same as it is in English. The intonation is also pretty much the same. Me tirando a atenção The literal translation is, "Me taking the attention," but it means, "Is on my mind," or better, "I can't get it off my mind." This is used when your mind keeps returning to something or someone. No matter where you put your attention, it keeps returning to that something or someone. The "-a" here before atenção is the article a and doesn't have a crase.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is the verb caber Ah bem porque eu sei que cabe na sua agenda aproveitar uma ótima oportunidade. "Ah, well, because I know your agenda can fit a great opportunity."

The verb caber is irregular and one of about seven verbs that are used frequently but usually with specific conjugations, which makes remembering their less used conjugations, which are equally important, difficult to remember. Because many irregular verbs are similar in their conjugations, this section will provide an excellent source for cross referencing.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #3 - A S US PI CI OUS PORT UGUES E AGENDA

6

10 Tables of the Verb caber in each Conjugation

Infinitive - caber ("to fit into") Presente Participle - cabendo ("fitting into") Past Participle - cabido ("fit into")

Present

Past

One Word

Personalize

Completed

Future

d Infinitive

Imperfect

Pluperfect

Past

É necessário caibo ("I fit

coube ("I fit

into")

into")

cabermos

caberei ("I

agora. ("It is

shall fit

necessary

into")

for us to fit

coubera

cabia

("had fit

("used to fit

into")

into")

now.") caibo

coube

caberei

caber

coubera

cabia

cabes

cooubeste

caberás

caberes

couberas

cabias

cabe

coube

caberá

caber

coubera

cabia

cabemos

coubemos

caberemas

cabermos

coubéramos

cabíamos

cabeis

coubestes

cabereis

caberdes

coubéreis

cabíeis

cabem

couberam

caberão

caberem

couberam

cabiam

Past

Present

Future

Subjunctive

Subjunctive

Subjunctive

Conditional

("that) I might

caiba ("that) I

couber ("if) I fit

caberia ("I

fit into")

may fit into")

into")

would fit into")

coubesse

caiba

couber

caberia

Imperative

coubesse

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

cabe ("you fit") --

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #3 - A S US PI CI OUS PORT UGUES E AGENDA

7

coubesses

caibas

couberes

caberias

cabe

coubesse

caiba

couber

caberia

caiba

coubéssemos

caibamos

coubermos

caberíamos

caibamos

coubesseis

caibais

couberdes

caberíeis

cabei

coubessem

caibam

couberem

caberiam

caibam

For Example: 1.

Essa roupa vai caber em você? "Will those clothes fit you?"

2.

O sapato coube? "Did the shoe fit?"

3.

Isso cabe no seu bolso? "Do you have money for that?"

4.

Tomara que caiba. "I hope it fits."

CULTURAL INSIGHT Real Life

Real life for a majority of Brazilians is quite monotonous. Wake up very early, go to work until very late, eat a small dinner, watch some football, and then go to bed. Going to the movies, parties, or on trips are still major events for most Brazilians and take years to save up the money and earn the time off. This monotony is one of the reasons Brazilians love parties so much. Much of the money and energy that Americans spend on entertainment systems, movies, computers, motorbikes, four-wheelers, yearly vacations, computer games, video games, and the like is all thrown into their weekend parties. To most Brazilians, having fun

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #3 - A S US PI CI OUS PORT UGUES E AGENDA

8

without friends and family around is almost impossible.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #3 - A S US PI CI OUS PORT UGUES E AGENDA

9

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #4 A Time for Everything in Brazil

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 6 8

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

# COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

4

PORTUGUESE 1.

Professora:

Bom dia classe. A lição de hoje é sobre o tempo dos verbos e a conjugação verbal. Silvana, você pode ler o que está escrito no dicionário?

2.

Silvana:

Sim, claro! O tempo é - a forma do verbo que indica se a ação se deu no passado, se se passa no presente ou se se produzirá no futuro.

3.

Professora:

Você poderia explicar isso para nós?

4.

Silvana:

Claro. Em outros termos, quando falamos sobre o tempo verbal, estamos falando ou do passado ou do presente ou do futuro.

5.

Professora:

E especificamente sobre as ações desses verbos no passado, presente, ou futuro. E como identificamos em qual tempo verbal o verbo está?

6.

Silvana:

Pela terminação do verbo. Cada verbo tem terminações específicas que indicam o passado, presente, ou o futuro.

7.

Professora:

Exatamente. Então, qual é o tempo do verbo "coubéramos"?

8.

Silvana:

Sei lá. Que conjugação esquisita.

ENGLISH 1.

Professora:

Good morning class. Today's lesson is about verb tense and verbal conjugation. Silvana, could you read what is written in the dictionary?

CONT'D OVER PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #4 - A T I ME FOR EVERYT HI NG I N BRAZ I L

2

2.

Silvana:

Yes, of course. Tense is the form of the verb that indicates if the action took place in the past, if it is happening in the present, or if it will be produced in the future.

3.

Professora:

Could you explain this to us?

4.

Silvana:

Sure. In other words, when we speak about verb tense, we are either talking about the past, the present, or the future.

5.

Professora:

And specifically about the actions of the verbs in the past, present, or future. And how do we identify which tense the verb is in?

6.

Silvana:

By the verb ending. Each and every verb has specific endings that indicate past, present, or future.

7.

Professora:

Exactly. So, what is the verb tense of the verb "coubéramos"?

8.

Silvana:

I don't know. What a strange conjugation.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

identificar

to identify

verb

meio-ambiente

environment

noun

masculine

conjugação

conjugation

noun

feminine

terminal

terminal

noun

masculine

explicar

explain

verb

especificamente

specifically

adverb

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

Ge nde r

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #4 - A T I ME FOR EVERYT HI NG I N BRAZ I L

3

contém

contains

verb

ação

action

noun

dar-se

to give oneself to

verb

indicar

to indicate

verb

específico

specific

adjective

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES O senhor consegue identificar esta mochila?

Vamos salvar o meio-ambiente! "Let's save the environment."

"Could you identify this back-pack, sir?" A conjugação do verbo ser é irregular. "The conjugation of the verb ser is

O terminal de ônibus fica naquela esquina.

irregular."

"The bus terminal is on that corner."

O homem está explicando a idéia.

Vou para a região sul, especificamente

"The man is explaining the idea."

Porto Alegre. "I'm going to the southern region, specifically Porto Alegre."

Este remédio contém bicarbonato de

Nesta situação, tem só uma ação

sódio.

aceitável.

"This medicine contains sodium

"In this situation, there is only one

bicarbonate."

acceptable action."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #4 - A T I ME FOR EVERYT HI NG I N BRAZ I L

4

Deu-se completamente ao trabalho. "He gave himself completely to his work."

Indicou-lhe com a mão o lugar ao lado do seu. "He indicated with his hand the place next to him."

Esse programa é específico para gestantes. "This program is specific to expecting women."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Se se passa no presente The literal translation is, "if it is happening in the present," which is also what it means. Our tip here is that usually when you have two se's right after each other the first one is going to mean "if." The second one is attached to the verb as a direct object pronoun.

Sei lá The literal translation is, "I know there," but it means "I don't know," or better, "I don't have a clue." Sei lá is an colloquial phrase that is used when you have absolutely no idea how to answer a question. It has a similar usage to the English, "How should I know?" Sometimes the phrase sei lá is followed by an explanation. For example, if a friend asks you what you are going to do for the holiday you could answer, Sei lá, nem tinha pensado nisto, which means "I don't know, I hadn't even thought about it." Usually this has a specific intonation pattern which was demonstrated in the audio.

Tempo verbal The literal translation is "verb time" but it means "verb tense." This phrase is used frequently in language classrooms and at schools. This phrase isn't the kind of thing you're going to use in a casual conversation on the street. In fact, you could go years without ever hearing or saying this phrase. Brazilians have better things to talk about outside of class.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #4 - A T I ME FOR EVERYT HI NG I N BRAZ I L

5

Esquisita This word sounds like it should mean exquisite but it doesn't. Esquisito means "strange" or "different," as in uma dança esquisita, which means "a strange dance." And it's used in much the same way as estranho. However, esquisito is a little bit more intense. So saying that something is esquisito means that it is just a bit stranger than strange. Once while traveling in the Nordeste I heard someone say esquisito to mean an isolated (and therefore dangerous) place. And remember, esquisito is spelled with two "-s," -e-s-q-u-i-s-i-t-o.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is o tempo A lição de hoje é sobre o tempo dos verbos e a conjugação verbal. "Today's lesson is about verb tempo and verbal conjugations."

The time involved in a statement is called tempo. "Tempo" in Portuguese is called tempo. Tempo is probably the easiest aspect of verb conjugation, however the tempos in English and Portuguese are not identical and often overlap in unpredictable ways. Tempo in a verb signals the temporal relationship of the communicated event with the moment of the act of speech. The present closes this moment, the past is before it, and the future will occur after this moment. However, just because it's easy to conjugate, don't think it's a simple topic to a Brazilian Portuguese teacher. The better college level textbooks can go on for pages and pages about the different aspects of tempo verbal. O tempo of a verb can be analyzed through at least nine perspectives which are: 1.

Nível de tempo

2.

Perspectiva primária

3.

Perspectiva secundária

4.

Duração

5.

Repetição

6.

Conclusão

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #4 - A T I ME FOR EVERYT HI NG I N BRAZ I L

6

7.

Resultado

8.

Visão

9.

Fase

For Example: 1.

Já tenho estado vindo fazendo. "I have already been getting ready to do it."

While this phrase is theoretically possible by the rules of tempo, it's incoherent. For Example; 1.

Fiz. "I did it."

To show the usefulness of these, we will briefly analyze the verb fazer through the prism of nível de tempo.

Nível de tempo

Every Portuguese verb has two levels. The atual and the inatual. The atual corresponds to the specific time frames or events—eu fiz, eu faço, eu farei. The inatual corresponds to nonspecific or incomplete time ranges or progressive events or actions—eu fizera, eu fazia, eu faria. With that basic division identified, the question becomes, how could fazia, which is imperfect tempo, fit in the time frame for the present tempo? This perspective explains how certain phrases can use the imperfect tempo and not be speaking about the past. For Example: 1.

Eu queria pedir-lhe um favor. "I want to ask you a favor."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #4 - A T I ME FOR EVERYT HI NG I N BRAZ I L

7

Se soubesse, te dava a resposta.

2.

"If I knew, I would give you the answer." Nível de tempo Passado retrospectiva

Presente paralela

Futuro prospectiva

atual

fiz

faço

farei

inatual

fizera

fazia

faria

Examples from This Lesson: 1.

Cada verbo tem terminais específicos que indicam o passado, presente, ou o futuro. "Each and every verb has specific endings that indicate past, present, or future."

2.

Então, qual é o tempo do verbo "coubéramos"? "So, what is the verb tempo of the verb "coubéramos?"

Perspectiva primária

Analyzing Portuguese verbs through perspectiva primária gives us the answer to why certain present tempo verbs can have future tempo meaning. Remembering the idea of atual and inatual, the perspectiva primária refers to the perspective of the speaker. The parallels here are recursive or matters of course, they begin and move forward. The non-parallels are completive, meaning they have completions or conclusions. The conclusion drawn is that the present and imperfect are recursive and since something that will move on a course implicitly requires a duration, certain verbs can 'course' from the present to the future or 'course' in a repetitive nature.

CULTURAL INSIGHT O tempo e o meio-ambiente

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #4 - A T I ME FOR EVERYT HI NG I N BRAZ I L

8

The word tempo can also mean "weather". Since we're talking about it, let's talk about the environment. O meio-ambiente is a term that literally translates to, "the middle ambiance," but this is how you say "the environment" in its most general sense. You'll often see ads about preserving the meio-ambiente on Brazilian TV. Another way we refer to o meio-ambiente is with the term a natureza, which means "nature." The connections here are obvious, but in Brazil there is little agreement as to what proteger a natureza and salvar o meio-ambiente really entail. As of right now, the Brazilian federal government pays millions of reals on campaigns about protecting nature as well as billions of reals in reforestation and carbon-free technologies. Contradictorily, Presidente Dilma has recently approved a project to construct nearly seventy hydro-electric dams on the Amazon River in order to produce electricity in the north region of Brazil. Construction has already begun on one of the dams. The north of Brazil, where the Amazon is located, is one of the most untouched regions in the world. Do you think it should stay that way?

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #4 - A T I ME FOR EVERYT HI NG I N BRAZ I L

9

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #5 Planning a Date in Portuguese

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 7 9

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

# COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

5

PORTUGUESE 1.

Leonardo:

Cadê minha caneta!, estou ficando doido.

2.

(Ding)

3.

Lisa:

Oi!

4.

Leonardo:

Oi! uh oi! Como está? uh...houve mais problemas com o celular?

5.

Lisa:

Hum, sim...Eu não sei se meu celular está recebendo ligações, porque nunca recebi a sua.

6.

Leonardo:

Uhhh....(hehe-nervous)

7.

Lisa:

Desculpa por sair tão depressa ontem. Tive compromisso com o agente imobiliário. Acabei de me mudar para cá.

8.

Leonardo:

Uh, Seja bem vinda!

9.

Lisa:

Obrigada. E eu ainda não conheço ninguém por aqui. Será que você poderia me ajudar a conhecer a cidade? Aliás, se você tiver disponível...

10.

Leonardo:

Hum... Sim. Hum...Que tal hoje à noite?

ENGLISH 1.

Leonardo:

2.

(Ding)

Where is my pen! I'm losing my mind.

CONT'D OVER PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #5 - PLANNI NG A DAT E I N PORT UGUES E

2

3.

Lisa:

Hi!

4.

Leonardo:

Hey! Uh, hi! How are you? Uh...were there more problems with your cell?

5.

Lisa:

Um, yes. I don't know if I can receive calls because I never got one from you.

6.

Leonardo:

Uhhh....(hehe-nervous)

7.

Lisa:

Sorry for leaving so quickly yesterday. I had an appointment with my real estate agent. I just moved here.

8.

Leonardo:

Uh, welcome!

9.

Lisa:

Thanks. And I don't really know anyone here. I was wondering (if you'd show me around.) That is, if you're free...

10.

Leonardo:

Uh...yeah. Uh...what about tonight?

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

hoje

today

adverb

receber

to receive

verb

acabar

to finish, to end, to run out

verb

agente

agent

noun

ligação

call, connection

noun

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

Ge nde r

masculine and feminine feminine

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #5 - PLANNI NG A DAT E I N PORT UGUES E

3

noite

night

noun



here

adverb

tal

such, like

feminine

demonstrative pronoun

on the other hand, in aliás

other words, beyond

mudar

to change, to move

verb

agente imobiliário

real estate agent

phrase

masculine

compromisso

appointment

noun

masculine

apartment

noun

masculine

ninguém

nobody

pronoun

imobiliário

real estate

adjective

disponível

available

adjective

doido

crazy

adjective

imóvel

that

building, house,

adverb

SAMPLE SENTENCES Hoje é meu aniversário!

Eu recebo dois mil reais por mês.

"Today is my birthday!"

"I get paid two thousand reals per month."

Os artistas famosos recebem cachês

Acabou o açúcar.

muito altos.

"The sugar ran out."

"The famous artists receive high paychecks."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #5 - PLANNI NG A DAT E I N PORT UGUES E

4

O agente imobiliário está cumprimentando os clientes.

Seu irmão é um agente do FBI? "Is your brother an FBI agent?"

"The real estate agent is greeting the clients." A ligação está ruim.

Sábado à noite eu vou assistir um filme.

"The connection is bad."

"Saturday night, I am going to watch a movie."

Boa noite!

Vem cá.

"Good night!"

"Come here."

Tais fatos chamaram a atencão do

Aliás, ela tem muito que oferecer.

público.

"On the other hand, she has much to offer."

"Such facts caught public attention." Eu vou me mudar para Sergipe. "I'm going to move to Sergipe."

O agente imobiliário está cumprimentando os clientes. "The real estate agent is greeting the clients."

Eu tive um compromisso ontem. "I had an appointment yesterday."

Os preços dos imóveis estão aumentando cada dia mais. "The prices for buildings are increasing every single day."

Ninguém foi à aula ontem. "No one went to class yesterday."

Eu tenho três empreendimentos imobiliários. "I have three real estate investments."

Você vai estar disponível amanhã?

Estou ficando doido.

"Will you be available tomorrow?"

"I'm going crazy."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #5 - PLANNI NG A DAT E I N PORT UGUES E

5

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Ficando doido The literal translation is, "becoming crazy," but it means, "going crazy." More often than not it's used just like "loosing my mind" as if it were something that you couldn't control. Doido usually has the idea of someone who is crazy but in the more calm, harmless way. Louco is typically more of an energetic craziness. Depressa The literal translation is, "fast" or "quickly" and it has with it a feeling of "with urgency." Most often depressa carries the feeling of "quickly." In a movie I watched recently, one of the main characters said Depressa, drenem o canal! because there was someone in the canal. This translates to "Quickly, drain the canal!" While some accents say de'pressa, most say g'pressa. Compromisso The literal translation is, "agreement," but it's a particular type of agreement between two people (or entities). In practical use, it means "an appointment." Compromisso could also be translated as "obligation" in certain circumstances such as Tenho compromisso com a Laura ("I have an obligation with Laura") but the pragmatic sense is that he needs to go meet here somewhere. Compromisso doesn't mean "meeting" so be careful with that. Agente imobiliário The literal translation is, "real estate agent." Remember that imobiliária means "real estate." This is a phrase used to describe people that are in the business of selling houses, apartments, or land. Remember to pronounce the "-i"s in imobiliário as [ee] and not as [i] as in "it." Make sure they are "-i"s. Mudar-me para cá The literal translation is, "move myself to here," but it means, "moved here." Lisa uses this phrase to explain why she's in the store talking to Leo. A quick tip about this phrase is that Brazilians tend to use para cá but rarely por cá or para aqui. I think it's a pronunciation issue. Ou seja The literal translation is, "or it would be," but it means, "in other words." This is an oft-used phrase that indicates a shift in explanation or a furthering of explanation. It's different from aliás which we'll talk about next. Aliás

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #5 - PLANNI NG A DAT E I N PORT UGUES E

6

Aliás is a difficult word to translate. In use, it usually indicates a change in what was being said. For example, you say something and then realize it wasn't quite right so you say aliás and then give your corrected version. The difference between ou seja and aliás is that ou seja is used to further or expand upon your explanation whereas aliás is used to correct what you've said. I often translate ou seja as "in other words" and aliás as "or better." Se tiver The literal translation is, "if there is" and it's in the subjunctive so you know that the "if" caused a hint of uncertainty. This is a frequently used phrase in Brazilian Portuguese. This is a fixed phrase just like it is in English and it's used in almost the exact same way. Que tal? The literal translation is, "that such?" or "what such?" but it means "What do you think?" or "How about it?" This is kind of a tag question. In a typical context you'd have explained something and then would say que tal? to ask there opinion on what you'd just explained or suggested.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is o verbo haver Oi! uh oi! Como está? uh...houve mais problemas com o celular? "Hey! Uh hi! How are you? Uh...were there more problems with your cell?"

Infinitive Haver ("to have") Present Participle havendo ("having") Past Participle havido Imperative há - singular havei - plural

Present

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

Past

One Word

Personalized

Completed

Future

Infinitive

Conditional

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #5 - PLANNI NG A DAT E I N PORT UGUES E

7

É melhor havermos hei ("I have")

houve ("I had")

acordo. ("It's

haverei ("I shall have")

better that we have

haveria ("I would have")

agreement.") hei

houve

haverei

haver

haveria

hás

houveste

haverás

haveres

haverias



houve

haverá

haver

haveria

havemos

houvemos

haveremos

havermos

haveríamos

haveis

houvestes

havereis

haverdes

haveríeis

hão

houveram

haverão

haverem

haveriam

For Example: 1.

Que houve? "What's wrong?"

2.

Há tempos que não vejo minha prima. "I haven't seen my cousin for a long time."

Past

Present

Future

Past Non-

Subjunctive

Subjunctive

subjunctive

completed

Pluperfect

havia ("I used

houvesse "(that) I might

haja "(that) I

houver "(if) I

to have - I was

houvera ("I

have"

may have"

have"

having")

had had")

houvesse

haja

houver

havia

houvera

houvesses

hajas

houveres

havias

houveras

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #5 - PLANNI NG A DAT E I N PORT UGUES E

8

houvesse

haja

houver

havia

houvera

houvéssemeos

hajamos

houvermos

havíamos

houvéramos

houvésseis

hajais

houverdes

havíeis

houvéreis

houvessem

hajam

houverem

haviam

houver

For Example: 1.

Vai haver algo para comer? "Will there be anything to eat?"

CULTURAL INSIGHT Moving in Brazil

If you already live in Brazil, you know that moving in Brazil is not very easy. When I first lived in Brazil the organization I was with arranged all the housing so I never really understood all the complexities. But now that I'm here on my own budget, it's very different. A move in Brazil is typically very costly. Shipping your furniture and travel expenses usually start at about R $5,000. Then you have to pay housing fees which vary from place to place. When you sign a rental contract you usually have a number of fees built into the contract, like paying the IPTU, fire insurance, etc. What makes things even more difficult is if you move to a new place where you don't know very well where things are located. Brazilians don't often use addresses when they are giving directions, they use landmarks, and ask "do you know where this is?" and "Do you know where that is?"

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #5 - PLANNI NG A DAT E I N PORT UGUES E

9

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #6 Two Many People in Portuguese

CONTENTS 2 3 4 4 5 6 9

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

# COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

6

PORTUGUESE 1.

Professora:

Bom dia a todos. Quem estudou a aula de hoje?

2.

Marco:

Eu!

3.

Professora:

Então Marco, do que vamos falar hoje?

4.

Marco:

Hoje a aula é sobre pessoa.

5.

Professora:

E o que você tem para nos ensinar sobre esta categoria gramatical?

6.

Marco:

Bem, o dicionário diz, "a pessoa se manifesta através dos pronomes ou das desinências verbais para indicar quem fala, a quem se fala e de que ou de quem se fala."

7.

Professora:

Muito bem Marco. Agora, o que isso significa?

8.

Marco:

Significa que no português podemos indicar certas pessoas e sua relação com o assunto discutido usando simplesmente pronomes e desinências verbais.

9.

Professora:

E quantas pessoas tem o português?

10.

Marco:

Três. A primeira, a segunda, e a terceira pessoa.

11.

Professora:

E essas pessoas correspondem a quais pronomes?

12.

Marco:

A primeira pessoa é a do "eu". A segunda é a do "tu" e a terceira é de "ele," "ela," e "você."

13.

Professora:

E no plural?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #6 - TWO MANY PEOPLE IN PORTUGUESE

2

14.

Marco:

Oh! No plural a primeira pessoa corresponde a "nós," a segunda a "vós" e a terceira a "eles," "elas," e "vocês."

15.

Professora:

Parabéns Marco!

ENGLISH 1.

Professor:

Good morning to all. Who studied today's lesson?

2.

Marco:

I did!

3.

Professor:

So Marco, what are we going to talk about today?

4.

Marco:

Today the class is about person.

5.

Professor:

And what can you teach us about this grammatical category?

6.

Marco:

Well, the dictionary says "Person is manifested through pronouns or verb endings to indicate who speaks, to whom they speak, and about what or whom they speak."

7.

Professor:

Very good Marco. Now, what does that mean?

8.

Marco:

It means that in Portuguese we can indicate certain people and their relationship with the discussed subject simply using pronouns and verb endings.

9.

Professor:

And how many persons are there in Portuguese?

10.

Marco:

Three. The first person, second person, and third person.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #6 - TWO MANY PEOPLE IN PORTUGUESE

3

11.

Professor:

And these persons correspond to which pronouns?

12.

Marco:

The first person is the "eu" person. The second person is the "tu" person and the third person is the "ele," "ela," and "você" person.

13.

Professor:

And in the plural?

14.

Marco:

Oh! In the plural the first person corresponds to the "nós" pronoun, the second person to the "vós," and the third to "eles," "elas," and "vocês."

15.

Professor:

Congratulations Marco!

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

categoria

category

noun

feminine

to show, to exhibit, to manifestar

demonstrate, to

através

through

preposition

pronome

pronome

noun

masculine

desinência

ending

noun

feminine

corresponder

to correspond

verb

pessoa

person

noun

feminine

primeiro

first

numeral

masculine

manifest

verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #6 - TWO MANY PEOPLE IN PORTUGUESE

4

Tem quinze categorias nesta planilha.

Elas manifestaram seu desagrado.

"There are fifteen categories in this

"They manifested their distaste."

spreadsheet." A bala passou através do teto.

Ele é um pronome.

"The bullet went through the ceiling."

"He is a pronoun."

Os linguísticos brasileiros estudam

Eles correspondiam por 9 meses.

muito as desinências verbais.

"They corresponded for 9 months."

"Brazilian linguists study verb endings a lot." Ele é uma boa pessoa.

Amanhã é o primeiro dia do mês.

"He is a nice person."

"Tomorrow is the first day of the month."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Pessoa The literal translation is "person." Just like English, pessoa has two meanings. This second grammatically based meaning refers to the perspective that influences verb conjugation. In this sense, it's used with the ordinal numbers primeira, segunda, and terceira to represent the first, second, and third persons. Since pessoa is a feminine word, the ordinal numbers are in their feminine forms. As we've said before, these are terms that are mostly used in a classroom. Any Brazilian who went to school would recognize these words but that doesn't mean they like them.

Diz vs. fala The literal difference is "say" vs "speak" but the differences are not that simple. As a good guideline, but not exactly a rule, falar is used like "speak" or "talk," and dizer is used like "say" or "tell." So the basic difference is that someone who diz, diz something. There has to be something that they have said in order to use diz. Fala, on the other hand, has the idea that

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #6 - TWO MANY PEOPLE IN PORTUGUESE

5

you fala a language or fala to or with someone. For the grammarians out there, falar is an intransitive verb which means it doesn't require a direct object. Dizer on the other hand is a transitive verb so it has to have a direct object.

Desinência verbal The literal translation is "verbal ending." However it's a bit more complicated than that. A desinência is each individual ending class and you can have several desinências in just one word. For example, in the word possam the -a is a desinência for tense and the -m is a desinência for number. Another example would be fôssemos. Here the -e is the desinência for tense and the -mos is the desinência for number. Together they make up a terminação.

De que ou de quem The literal translation is "of what or of whom" but in English we'd probably just say "about what or whom." In the dialogue, de que ou de quem is used when describing the function of verb conjugations. In English we don't need the de but in Portuguese you do. This is because the verb requires the de in this case. If a different verb were used, like pensar, then we could use em. Here the que needs to have a closed -ê. you can't say que with qui.

E quantas pessoas tem o português? The literal translation is "And how many people has the Portuguese?" but it means, "How many persons are there in Portuguese?" This is an example where context actually determines the meaning of words. In most contexts, pessoas is translated as "people." However, in this situation we're talking about grammar and in grammar we use the term "person," and "persons" in the plural. The other catch is the o português. The direct article o seems not only unnecessary but confusing in English, yet in Portuguese it is required. The rule is that all nouns must have something before them. For those of you with linguistic training, in Portuguese, noun phrases must start with something other than a noun, a preposition, an article, a number, or in rare cases, an adjective.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is pessoa E o que você tem para nos ensinar sobre essa categoria gramatical?

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #6 - TWO MANY PEOPLE IN PORTUGUESE

6

"And what can you teach us about this grammatical category?"

Verb endings in Portuguese also indicate person. The subject of every sentence is assigned a 'person.' Person tells whether the speaker is speaking about himself, about the person spoken to, or about someone other than himself or the person spoken to. If the speaker speaks about himself, he uses the first person (eu, nós). If he speaks about the person spoken to, he uses the second person (tu, vós). If he speaks about someone (or something) other than himself or the person spoken to, he uses the third person (ele(s), ela(s), você(s), o(s) senhor(es), a(s) senhora(s).) Pessoa can be one of the most difficult concepts for English speakers. Pessoa is just as important in English as it is in Portuguese but in English it's not as evident. This makes it a common pitfall for Americans and something that requires special attention. Since it's already the Upper Intermediate level, you understand how to conjugate verbs and how to interpret conjugated verbs spoken to you. For Example: 1.

Agora, o que isso significa? "Now, What does that mean?"

Until this level we have not taught the tu and vós forms because it's rarely used by most Brazilians.

Tu and Vós

For example, the word vós is an important word for verbal conjugations in European Portuguese. Normal Brazilians understand vós (kind of) but they never use it except to sound stuffy. However, in specific professions, like law, politics, or religions, tu and vós are regularly used and professionals are expected to understand and use them correctly. This adds another level to pessoa and another level of verb conjugations. Tu and vós occupy the 2nd person, which normal Brazilian Portuguese usually employs você(s). To teach you all the conjugations of all tu and vós forms of all verbs would take quite a few lessons to go through. But for starters, we'll give you the regular present tempo conjugations for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. From now on we'll be including the tu and vós forms in all our lessons.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #6 - TWO MANY PEOPLE IN PORTUGUESE

7

For Example: 1.

Tu queres? "Do you want this?" or "Doest thou want this?"

2.

Por que me abandonastes? "Why didst thou abandon me?"

Presente

-ar

-er

-ir

tu

add -s

add -s

add -es

vós

add -is

add -is

add -is

Pretérito

-ar

-er

-ir

tu

aste

este

iste

vós

astes

estes

istes

Imperfeito

-ar

-er

-ir

tu

avas

ias

ia

vós

áveis

íeis

íeis

Examples from This Lesson: 1.

E essas pessoas correspondem a quais pronomes? "And these persons correspond to which pronouns?"

Teu and Vosso

Coupled with the use of tu and vós pronouns are the possessives teu and vosso. These are governed by the same rules of pessoa as tu and vós and are just as rarely used in Brazilian

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #6 - TWO MANY PEOPLE IN PORTUGUESE

8

Portuguese. However, if you ever watch a session of the Brazilian congress, you'll hear vosso and vossa fairly often as well as teu and tua. For Example: 1.

Vossa Senhoria. "Thy lordship."

2.

Vossa Excelência. "Thy excellence."

CULTURAL INSIGHT Getting into College—The Vestibular

Getting into college in Brazil is different than in many other countries. There is no national testing system for university acceptance; each university creates their own test and students going to that school have to study specifically for that test. This test is called the Vestibular. For example, the vestibular for the Universidade Federal do Paraná has a number of very difficult questions about the history of the state of Paraná such as specific dates when certain ships sail into which harbor for what purpose. In contrast, the Universidade Federal of Paraíba has sections dedicated to their particular version of the Saint John Festival, or Festival de São João, which happens every June. The vestibular is very difficult and most students find studying and passing the vestibular the most difficult part of earning a university degree. Would you like a series dedicated to the basics of a vestibular?

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #6 - TWO MANY PEOPLE IN PORTUGUESE

9

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #7 Are Flowers the Answer to your Portuguese Problem?

CONTENTS 2 3 4 4 5 7 8

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

# COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

7

PORTUGUESE 1.

Leonardo:

Ei maninha! Vou sair hoje a noite. Tem alguma dica?

2.

Éli:

Você vai sair? Tipo para um encontro? Com uma mulher?

3.

Leonardo:

Sim, tipo um encontro. E vou sair com a Lisa.

4.

Éli:

Que maravilha! Faz quanto tempo, heim? Três anos?

5.

Leonardo:

Ah, não cutuca a minha ferida. E não fica tão animada assim não. É a primeira vez que vou sair com ela e não sei se vai rolar algo.

6.

Éli:

Mas pelo menos você tem um começo.

7.

Leonardo:

Obrigado. Então, alguma dica?

8.

Éli:

Flores talvez?

9.

Leonardo:

Boa ideia, mas ela vai rir de mim. É nosso primeiro encontro, maninha.

10.

Éli:

Cala boca. Ela não vai rir não. Mulheres sempre gostam de receber flores. Aqui, essas sobraram da festa de ontem.

11.

Leonardo:

Ah...tá. Obrigado.

12.

Éli:

Eu estou tão animada por você, mas não esqueça da regra sobre sua ex-namorada.

13.

Leonardo:

Certo, não mencionar a Adriana.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #7 - ARE FLOWERS THE ANSWER TO YOUR PORTUGUESE PROBLEM?

2

14.

Éli:

Show de bola Leo, show.

15.

Leonardo:

Te amo Éli.

ENGLISH 1.

Leonardo:

Hey sis! I've got a date tonight. Got any tips?

2.

Éli:

You have a date? Like a real date? With a girl?

3.

Leonardo:

Yeah a real date! I'm going out with Lisa.

4.

Éli:

This is amazing. What has it been? Like three years?

5.

Leonardo:

Don't rub it in. And don't get too excited, it's only a first date and I don't know if anything is going to happen.

6.

Éli:

But at least you have a starting point.

7.

Leonardo:

Thanks. So got any tips?

8.

Éli:

Flowers maybe?

9.

Leonardo:

Good idea, but she'll laugh at me. It's our first date, sis.

10.

Sílvia:

Shut up. She will not laugh. Women always like getting flowers. Here, these were left over from the party last night.

11.

Leonardo:

Okay, thanks!

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #7 - ARE FLOWERS THE ANSWER TO YOUR PORTUGUESE PROBLEM?

3

12.

Éli:

I'm so excited for you but don't forget about the old girlfriend rule.

13.

Leonardo:

Right, no mentioning Adriana.

14.

Éli:

Congrats Leo, congrats.

15.

Leonardo:

Love you Éli.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

animar

to liven up

verb

algo

something

indefinite pronoun

assustar

to scare, to frighten

verb

dica

hint, saying, tip

noun

masculine

encontro

encounter

noun

masculine

maravilha

wonder

noun

feminine

hein?

eh?

question marker

mexer

to mix

verb

animada

excited

adjetive

sobrar

to be left over, to remain

verb

começo

beginning, start

noun

independentemente

independently

adverb

flores

flowers

noun

mencionar

to mention

verb

Ge nde r

feminine

masculine

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #7 - ARE FLOWERS THE ANSWER TO YOUR PORTUGUESE PROBLEM?

4

Vamos colocar a música para animar a festa.

Você quer algo para comer? "Do you want something to eat?"

"Let's play music to liven up the party." Vocês me assustaram.

Eu tenho duas dicas para você.

"You scared me."

"I have two things to say to you."

Ele saiu para um encontro.

Que maravilha!

"He left for an encounter."

"Amazing!"; "What a wonder!"

O que vocês estão fazendo aqui, hein?

Fique quieto, não se mexa!

"What are you doing here?"

"Be quiet, hold still!"

Ela está tão animada.

E eu sobrei para te ajudar.

"She is so excited."

"And I was left to help you."

Este é o começo.

Nós trabalhamos independentemente.

"This is the beginning."

"We work independently."

Toda mulher gosta de flores.

Por favor não menciona o meu nome

"All women like flowers."

para o chefe. "Please don't mention my name to the boss."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Não cutuca minha ferida The literal translation is, "don't poke my sore," but it means, "don't rub it in." This is an idiom or a phrase that carries a different meaning that the direct grammar can imply. So when someone says something that hurts or embarrasses you because of some weakness or negative event in your life, then you can say this phrase. It's sometimes shortened to just não

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #7 - ARE FLOWERS THE ANSWER TO YOUR PORTUGUESE PROBLEM?

5

cutuques. Notice that cutucar is spelled with only "-c's" but when you change it to cutuque then we have a stem change and the "-c" is replaced by que. We learned about this in Intermediate Season 1.

Vou sair hoje The literal translation is, "I will go out today," but it means, "I'm going out tonight," and in this case it means, "I've got a date tonight." Portuguese doesn't have a direct translation for "to date someone." Instead they use a few phrases depending on the context. Vou sair hoje is one phrase and encontro is another word that works well.

Encontro The literal translation is, "encounter" so it has a generic meaning. But because of the context, this encontro can easily be translated as "date." That's why Éli asked, 'tipo um encontro?' ("like a date?").

Vai rolar algo The literal translation is, "will role something," but it means, "something will happen." And because of the context in the sentence it's best interpreted as "I don't know if anything will happen," or "I don't know if anything will come of it." Using rolar this way is a very common slang in Brazil and in most situations it means "happen" and is used in place of acontecer.

Cala a boca The literal translation is, "shut the mouth," but it means, "shut up." Just as in English this phrase can have a playful tone and isn't always rude. Although, it's best you use this very carefully as some people might take offense. But if someone uses it with you and they are being playful, then don't worry about it. They may even be paquerando.

Maninha Maninha isn't a word you'll find in the dictionary so it's difficult to define. But for all intents and

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #7 - ARE FLOWERS THE ANSWER TO YOUR PORTUGUESE PROBLEM?

6

purposes, it means "sis," as in a shortened way of saying "sister." In this case, Leo and Éli have a good brother sister relationship so Leo calls her maninha as a kind of nickname.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is o verbo rir Boa ideia, mas ela vai rir de mim. "Good idea, but she'll laugh at me. It's our first date, sis."

Rir is another one of those verbs you use frequently but only in a few specific conjugations, namely - Ri tanto! Você tá rindo de mim? or riram da cara dele? Because you use this verb so often, you can be lulled in to a state of thinking you know how to conjugate it when you really don't. Infinitive - rir ("to laugh") Present Participle - rindo ("laughing") Past Participle - rido ("laughed") Imperitive: ri - singular ride - plural

Present

Past

One Word

Personalized

Completed

Future

Inifinitive

Conditional

É bom rirmos rio ("I laugh")

ri ("I laughed")

rirei ("I shall laugh")

de você.("It's good for us to laugh at you.")

riria ("I would laugh")

rio

ri

rirei

rir

riria

ris

riste

rirás

rires

ririras

ri

riu

rirá

rir

riria

rimos

rimos

riremos

rirmos

riríamos

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #7 - ARE FLOWERS THE ANSWER TO YOUR PORTUGUESE PROBLEM?

7

rides

ristes

rireis

rirdes

riríeis

riem

riram

rirão

rirem

ririam

Past

Present

Future

Past No-

Subjunctive

Subjunctive

Subjunctive

Completed

Pluperfect

ria ("I used to risse ("that) I

ria ("that) I may

laugh-I was

rira ("I had

might laugh"

laugh"

laughing")

laughed")

risse

ria

rir

ria

rira

risses

rias

rires

rias

riras

risse

ria

rir

ria

rira

ríssemos

riams

rirmos

ríamos

ríramos

rísseis

riais

rirdes

ríeis

ríreis

rissem

riam

rirem

riam

riram

rir ("if) I laugh"

For Example: 1.

Ela não vai rir não. "She will not laugh."

2.

Eu ri tanto naquele show. "Laughed so hard at that show."

CULTURAL INSIGHT Dating in Brazil

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #7 - ARE FLOWERS THE ANSWER TO YOUR PORTUGUESE PROBLEM?

8

Traditionally, the man controls the dating process. He organizes the date, pays for things, and asks if she'd like to go. If she says no, it's usually the guy's responsibility to suggest other ideas. But don't misinterpret that to mean that the man controls the woman. Girls also have specific duties, mostly in being agreeable company, positive, and fun. In other words, even if everything goes wrong, she should be upbeat. Today, many things have changed and continue to change. There are women who want to lead and men who want them to lead. Many men and women arrive home from work too tired to be creative to date. But man or woman, no one wants to be treated like an accessory. Men should include their dates in the decision making and respect their opinions and vice versa.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #7 - ARE FLOWERS THE ANSWER TO YOUR PORTUGUESE PROBLEM?

9

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #8 Know Your Portuguese Numbers

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 6 7

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

# COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

8

PORTUGUESE 1.

Professora:

Silvana, por que eu perguntei ao Marco sobre o plural das pessoas gramaticais?

2.

Silvana:

Bem professora, porque o número também é importante na gramática portuguesa.

3.

Professora:

Sim. O número é como identificamos se algo é singular ou plural.

4.

Silvana:

Sempre quis saber, professora - em outros idiomas, tem mais do que apenas o singular e o plural?

5.

Professora:

Sim. Certos idiomas também têm um número duplo que requer uma gramática especial.

6.

Silvana:

Mas no português são só plural e singular, certo?

7.

Professora:

Sim. Para esclarecer, você poderia ler o que está escrito no nosso livro de texto?

8.

Silvana:

Sim senhora. Número - Categoria gramatical que indica se os indivíduos designados por um nome correspondem a um (singular) ou a mais de um (plural).

9.

Professora:

Então Silvana, número só se aplica a verbos?

10.

Silvana:

Quem me dera! No português, número também se aplica a adjetivos, artigos, substantivos, pronomes, e verbos.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #8 - KNOW YOUR PORTUGUESE NUMBERS

2

1.

Professor:

Silvana, why did I ask Marco about the plural of the grammatical persons?

2.

Silvana:

Well professor, because number is also important in Portuguese grammar.

3.

Professor:

That's right. Number is how we identify if something is singular or plural.

4.

Silvana:

I've always wanted to know professor—in other languages, is there more than just singular and plural?

5.

Professor:

Yes. Certain languages also have a dual number that requires a special grammar.

6.

Silvana:

But in Portuguese it's just plural and singular, right?

7.

Professor:

Yes. Could you read what's written in our textbook?

8.

Silvana:

Yes, ma'am. Number—A grammatical category that indicates if the individuals designated by a name correspond to one (singular) or to more than one (plural).

9.

Professor:

So Silvana, does number only apply to verbs?

10.

Silvana:

I wish! In Portuguese, number is applied to adjectives, articles, nouns, pronouns, and verbs.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

English

C lass

Ge nde r

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #8 - KNOW YOUR PORTUGUESE NUMBERS

3

gramatical

grammatical

adjective

número

number

noun

masculine

singular

singular

noun

masculine

plural

plural

noun

masculine

língua

language, tongue

noun

feminine

idioma

language

noun

masculine

duplo

double, dual

adjective

especial

special

adjective

designado

designated

adjective

aplicar

to apply

verb

noção

notion

noun

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES A redação levou várias correções gramaticais.

Quem inventou o número zero? "Who invented the number zero?"

"The essay received various grammatical corrections." O oito é meu número da sorte.

Está é um verb conjugado no singular.

"Eight is my lucky number."

"Está is a verb conjugated to the singular."

Têm é um verbo conjugado no plural.

Eu não falo sua língua, não.

"Têm is a verb conjugated in the plural."

"I don't speak your language."

O idioma oficial do Peru é espanhol.

Estou com um CD duplo.

"The official language of Peru is Spanish."

"I have a double CD."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #8 - KNOW YOUR PORTUGUESE NUMBERS

4

Ela é muito especial.

O dia para o encontro não foi designado.

"She is very special."

"The day for the meeting wasn't designated."

A mim se aplica esse ditado. "That saying applies to me."

O candidato tem boas noções de geometria. "The candidate has a good notion of geometry."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Quem me dera The literal translation is, "who had given," but it means something like, "I wish" or "if only." And it's used when there is something you wish would happen but it happening is quite impossible. For Example: 1.

Eu acho que você vai ser um milionário. "I think you are going to be a millionaire."

2.

Quem me dera. "If only."

Substantivos vs. subjetivos The literal translation is, "noun." We wanted to point this out as I often run into many people that either don't know the word for "noun" (substantivo) or think the word is subjetivo, which actually means "subjective." Número Número means "number." And in the dialogue it's used with the specific meaning of grammatical number. Once again, context is key. The dialogue is classroom-specific so grammatical number is the concept understood but if you were in almost any other situation, it would mean "number," as in some number of things.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #8 - KNOW YOUR PORTUGUESE NUMBERS

5

Duplo The literal translation is, "double," but it could also mean "dual." In the dialogue, it was used referring to number and how some languages have a dual number or special conjugations based on single, dual, and plural instead of just singular and plural like English.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is número O número é como identificamos se algo é singular ou plural. "Number is how we identify if something is singular or plural."

Verb endings in Portuguese signal yet another meaning. Chama, although used only with third person subjects, does not agree with the third person plural subject eles. This idea of singular and plural subjects is called "number." The ending is also a signal for singular. Therefore, it can only be used with third person singular subjects (ele, ela, você) in the present tense. Therefore, conjugation is the process by which a raiz is changed to show: person, number, and tempo. Número is an interesting variable. Because número is embedded in the verb, the pronouns can almost always be dropped. Imagine saying "are happy" and expecting people to understand what you are saying. In Portuguese, you can do that. Estou feliz or estamos felizes make perfect sense and is correct. The pronouns are unnecessary and therefore dropped. For Example: 1.

Eu estamos em casa. "I are at home." (wrong in Portuguese)

2.

Eu estou em casa. "I am at home."

3.

Eles ligamos para casa. "They called home." (wrong in Portuguese)

4.

Eles ligaram para casa. "They called home."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #8 - KNOW YOUR PORTUGUESE NUMBERS

6

As a more technical definition, número refers to the participants of the event being talked about. Número is useful because it refers to the participants in an event. In Portuguese and many other Romance languages, número is always linked to pessoa in a conjugated verb. Since these two elements are always linked and usually expressed in few letters, a surprisingly large amount of information can be transmitted with just a few sounds. The only time that número is not present is when the verb is in it's infinitive form. For Example: 1.

Eu estou com a décima terceira edição. "I've got the thirteenth edition."

2.

Vós gostais de abacaxi? "Do you all like pineapple?"

Examples from This Lesson: 1.

Então Silvana, número só se aplica a verbos? "So Silvana, does number only apply to verbs?"

2.

Categoria gramatical que indica se os indivíduos designados por um nome correspondem a um (singular) ou a mais de um (plural). "A grammatical category that indicates if the individuals designated by a name correspond to one (singular) or to more than one (plural)."

CULTURAL INSIGHT Comparing Ensino médio to Faculdade

The term for "high school" has changed a few times in Brazil. About forty years ago it was called colegial, then it was changed to segundo grau, and currently it's called ensino médio. Any one of these names is correct, although colegial is so old some younger people might not know what you're talking about at first. Technically, there is a distinction between faculdade and universidade. Faculdade is equivalent to "college" and universidade is equivalent to "university." In other words, an universidade se compõe de várias faculdades.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #8 - KNOW YOUR PORTUGUESE NUMBERS

7

However, even among many university students, faculdade and universidade are equivalent. The entire Brazilian educational system is divided into three turnos, or "periods:" pela manhã, à tarde, and de noite. These periods are a kind of block schedule for classes. In the ensino médio students study during one of these periods. Each period is structured in a block schedule where a certain subject, e.g. math, is taught from nine to ten Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, but on Tuesdays and Thursdays, art is taught. This same pattern applies at the university. If you study in the morning, all your classes (which are pre-chosen for you based on the degree you are seeking), will be in the morning, leaving you free to work in the afternoon and evening.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #8 - KNOW YOUR PORTUGUESE NUMBERS

8

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #9 A Funny First Date in Brazil

CONTENTS 2 3 4 5 6 8 11

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

# COPYRIGHT © 2016 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

9

PORTUGUESE 1.

Leonardo:

Então, moro com minha irmã e seu namorado. Por favor, não fala pra ninguém porque vai manchar a minha reputação com as mulheres, sabe?

2.

Lisa:

Ha ha ha! Você é muito engraçado.

3.

Leonardo:

Ha! Sou engraçado?

4.

Lisa:

Óbvio que sim. O que é bom, porque eu não sou engraçada.

5.

Leonardo:

É esse o seu grande segredo, então? Porque esse tempo todo estou tentando descobrir o que tem de errado contigo...

6.

Lisa:

Oh...tem muita coisa, pode acreditar.

7.

Leonardo:

E eu estava pensando, ou ela é canibal ou ela não é tão engraçada. E na verdade, estava esperando canibal porque nunca conheci um canibal.

8.

Lisa:

Ha! Não, não sou uma canibal. Mas eu saí recentemente de um longo relacionamento.

9.

Leonardo:

Então foi por isso que você se mudou pra cá?

10.

Lisa:

Sim, depois de perceber que todos os meus amigos eram amigos dele e tudo sobre Brasília me lembrava ele, eu decidi que precisava de algo diferente.

11.

Leonardo:

Humm...agora faz sentido.

CONT'D OVER PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

2

12.

Lisa:

E que tal você? Quais segredos você tem no seu armário? Alguma mulher?

13.

Leonardo:

Sim...uh...tive uma namorada. Quando estava na faculdade eu e ela...bem essas são águas passadas e são anos ainda pra ela sair da prisão.

14.

Lisa:

Ha! Você é muito divertido. Tô gostando de você Leo.

15.

Leonardo:

E eu de você...

16.

Lisa:

Vamos dançar?

17.

Leonardo:

Vamos!

ENGLISH 1.

Leonardo:

So I live with my sister and her boyfriend. Please, don't tell anyone because it will hurt my reputation with the ladies, you know?

2.

Lisa:

Ha ha ha! You're very funny.

3.

Leonardo:

Ha! I'm funny?

4.

Lisa:

Obviously. Which is good because I'm not funny.

5.

Leonardo:

Is that your great secret then? Because this whole time I was trying to figure out what's wrong with you...

6.

Lisa:

Oh...there's plenty, trust me.

CONT'D OVER PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

3

7.

Leonardo:

And I was thinking, either she is a cannibal or she's not that funny and I was kind of leaning toward cannibal because I've never met one.

8.

Lisa:

Ha! No, I'm not a cannibal. But I did just get out of a long-term relationship.

9.

Leonardo:

So that's why you moved here?

10.

Lisa:

Yes, after I noticed that all of my friends were his friends and everything about Brasília reminded me about him, I decided I needed something different.

11.

Leonardo:

Umm...now it all makes sense.

12.

Lisa:

And what about you? What skeletons do you have in your closet? Any women?

13.

Leonardo:

Yes, uh...I had a girlfriend. When I was in college this girl and I...well that's all water under the bridge and it will be years before she's out of prison.

14.

Lisa:

You are very funny. I like you Leo.

15.

Leonardo:

And I like you...

16.

Lisa:

Let's dance?

17.

Leonardo:

Let's!

VOCABULARY

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

4

Por tugue se descobrir

morar (Brazilian) reputação machucar-se

English

C lass

to discover, to

Ge nde r

verb

uncover to live, to reside at or in

Verb

reputation

noun

to hurt, to become

feminine

hurt

verb

obviamente

obviously

adverb

confiar

to trust

verb

decidir (Brazilian)

to decide

verb

contigo (Brazilian)

with you

pronoun

relacionamento

relationship

noun

masculine

engraçado

funny

adjective

masculine

segredo

secret

noun

masculine

canibal

cannibal

noun

masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES Eles decobriram uma caverna oculta. "They discovered a hidden cavern."

Eu vou morar no Irã a partir do ano que vem. "I will be living in Iran from next year."

Eu moro em um apartamento na cidade.

Minha irmã mora lá.

"I live in an apartment in the city."

"My sister lives there."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

5

Isto vai destruir minha reputacão.

Ele caiu mas não se machucou.

"This will destroy my reputation."

"He fell but he didn't get hurt."

Você me machucou.

São estrangeiros obviamente.

"You hurt me."

"They are obviously foreigners."

Você pode confiar em mim.

Nós decidimos mudar para a Europa

"You can trust me."

nos próximos meses. "They have decided to move to Europe in the coming months."

Está decidido, a comida está ótima.

Eu vou contigo para o supermercado.

"It's decided, the food is great."

"I go with you to the supermarket."

Meu relacionamento com a Marina foi

Ele me mostrou um vídeo muito

muito curto.

engraçado.

"My relationship with Marina was very

"He showed me a very funny video."

short." O homem engraçado está dançando sem as calças.

Eles se reuniram em segredo. "They met in secret."

"The funny man is dancing without pants." Eu quero conhecer um canibal. "I want to meet a cannibal."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Quais segredos você tem no seu armário? The literal translation is, "What secrets are there in your cupboard?" but it means and is used just like the phrase, "What skeletons do you have in your closet?"

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

6

Reputação The literal translation is, "reputation" and that's exactly what it means. However, this word isn't used as often as it is in English. At least not around me. In this situation though, it's very appropriate. And as far as I know, there is no shortened form like "rep." Reputação has a -ç not an '-s ending.

Canibal The literal translation is, "cannibal" and that's exactly what it means. We just threw this in for comedy's sake. Hope you got a laugh out of it.

O que tem de errado The literal translation is, "what is there of wrong" but it means, "What's wrong with it?" or "What's wrong with..." whatever it is we are talking about. Sometimes the "fantom que" will show up in this phrase and it becomes o que que tem de errado? While not technically correct, you're going to hear it all the time.

Longo relacionamento The literal translation is, "long relationship," but it means, "a long-term relationship." Here the adjective longo is used before the noun relacionamento contrary to the typical pattern of adjectives after. Longo relacionamento and relacionamento longo have different meanings. Relacionamento longo means "a long relationship" and has a slight negative feeling, almost as if the relationship lasted too long. However, longo relacionamento means "a long-term relationship" in a more generic sense of a relationship that lasted a long time. No negative connotation.

Águas passadas The literal translation is, "passed waters" but this is the equivalent phrase for "water under the

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

7

bridge." It's an idiomatic expression.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is Reflective Verbs Então foi por isso que você se mudou pra cá? "So that's why you moved here?"

Virtually anything you can do to something or someone else, you can do to yourself. You can look at your friend coming towards you and you can look at yourself in the mirror. You can wash your car and you can wash yourself. When you do something to yourself the action is called "reflexive" because the action of the verb is reflected back to yourself. Of course, anyone can do a reflexive action, not just "you." You already know a number of reflexive verbs but we'll delve more in to them in this lesson. Reflexive pronouns are me ("myself") and nos ("ourselves"), which are forms you have seen in other uses, but se means "yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves." You have seen se many times in other uses; and another means "if." Here are some examples of common reflexive verbs. Notice that the basic infinitive has se after it, connected with a hyphen. Portuguese

"English"

Me lavo

"I wash myself" "you wash yourself/he washes himself/she

Se lava

washes herself"

Nos lavamos

"wash ourselves" "y'all wash yourselves/they wash

Se lavam

Portuguese

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

themselves"

"English"

Sample Sentence

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

8

A minha mãe se chamava Chamar-se

Cook antes do seu

"to call oneself"

casamento. Quando não fazia exercício

Sentir-se

físico, não se sentia muito

"to feel"

bem. Durante o verão me

Levantar-se

"to get up"

levantava às dez. O presidente Kennedy se

Vestir-se

"to (get) dress(ed)"

vestia muito bem. Para estarmos seguros de

Olhar-se

"to look at oneself"

nossa aparência, nos olhamos no espelho. Entre as aulas, não me

Demorar-se

"to delay"

demoro a conversar.

Notes: When you "wash yourself," você se lava, but when you "wash your hands," você lava as mãos, and no reflexive pronoun is required (or even possible for that matter). This is quite unlike Spanish, where you "wash yourself" and you also "wash yourself the hands," as well, with a reflexive pronoun in both cases.

O infinitivo e o particípio presente reflexivos

In dictionaries, reflexive verbs are identified (for convenience) only with -se. However, in usage, natually any reflexive pronoun can go with the infinitve, agreeing with the subject of the sentence:. For Example: 1.

Eu vou me olhar no espelho.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

9

2.

Você quer se deitar cedo?

3.

Vocês têm que se levantar às seis.

4.

Nós vamos nos sentir cansados se não dormimos.

Reflexive pronouns go before the presente participle, as other pronouns do. This is different from Spanish since the pronouns are attached to the -ndo form in that language. For Example: 1.

Ela está se olhando no espelho.

2.

Estou me divertindo na sua festa, José.

3.

O meu irmão vem já-está se vestindo.

4.

Estou me lavando-não posso atender o telefone.

5.

O clube de Xadrez está se reunindo agora.

Sample Sentences: 1.

Sim, depois de perceber que todos os meus amigos eram seus amigos e tudo sobre Brasília me lembrava dele, eu me decidi que precisava de algo diferente. "Yes, after I noticed that all of my friends were his friends and everything about Brasília reminded me about him, I decided I needed something different."

2.

Eu queria te pedir uma coisa? "I wanted to ask you something."

3.

Eu me sentei e esperei. "I sat down and waited."

Passive Voice—The Reflexive

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

10

When the agent is implied but not expressed, the reflexive construction may be used in place of ser and the past participle in the true passive. The following pairs of sentences have the same meaning. For Example: 1.

Muitos sapatos são vendidos aqui. Vendem-se muitos sapatos aqui. "Many shoes are sold here."

2.

Muito é aprendido na escola. Aprende-se muito na escola. "Much is learned at school."

The verb of the reflexive construction agrees in number with the subject (e.g. vendem-se is plural because muitos sapatos is plural). Note that the subject often follows the verb in this construction. To express the passive voice when the agent is implied but not expressed, use the reflexive se with the verb expressing the action and make the verb agree in number with the subject. For Example: 1.

Vende-se roupa aqui. "Cothing is sold here."

2.

Fala-se inglês aqui. "English is spoken here."

CULTURAL INSIGHT Centro de corrupção?

Brasília é a terceira capital brasileira e foi planejada durante o governo de Juscelino Kubitschek. Ela fica no meio da região Centro-Oeste, cercada por grandes plantações e natureza.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

11

Recentemente Brasília comemorou 50 anos de existência. Sendo assim, a maioria dos brasilienses são candangos e ainda há poucos descendentes que realmente nasceram na cidade. O Distrito federal também tem muitas outras "cidades satelites" como Lago Sul, Lago Norte, Taguatinga, Val Paraíso, e Gama. Brasília também é a cidade de muitos cantores e artistas brasileiros famosos. Sendo assim, muitas vezes Brasília é criticado nas artes como sendo o centro da corrupção no Brasil.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #9 - A FUNNY FI RS T DAT E I N BRAZ I L

12

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #10 Are Brazilian Computers Masculine or Feminine?

CONTENTS 2 3 4 4 5 6 9

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

10

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Mariana:

Professora?

2.

Professora:

Sim Mariana?

3.

Mariana:

Como posso ensinar gênero para meu amigo Austin?

4.

Professora:

Ele não fala o português?

5.

Mariana:

Sim e não. É porque ele é dos Estados Unidos e consegue conversar e entender até bem mas tem muitos erros. Principalmente no masculino feminino. Eu já tentei explicar essas coisas à ele mas ele continua na mesma.

6.

Professora:

Que tipo de erro ele comete? Me dá uns exemplos.

7.

Mariana:

Bem, por exemplo ontem o computador dele estava com problema e ele falou "a sistema operadora do computador." Aí ajudei ele um pouco e consertamos o computador e ele falou para mim. "Obrigado, você é tão bondoso."

8.

Professora:

hmmm...

9.

Mariana:

E de vez em quando ele me chama de "ele."

10.

Professora:

Eita, tá complicado então. Bem, as vezes ajuda explicar que masculino e feminino não tem vínculo fixo com a realidade, ou seja, que é um elemento gramatical. Não uma perspectiva sobre a realidade.

11.

Mariana:

Como assim?

CONT'D OVER PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #10 - ARE BRAZ I LI AN COMPUT ERS MAS CULI NE OR FEMI NI NE?

2

12.

Professora:

Às vezes no ponto de vista dos estrangeiros certas coisas como "mesa" são realmente femininas no português. Ou seja, que na mente brasileira, uma mesa têm sexo e não só gênero. As vezes ajuda mostrar que isto é somente uma função gramatical.

13.

Mariana:

Obrigada. Vou pensar um pouco mais.

ENGLISH 1.

Mariana:

Professor?

2.

Professor:

Yes Mariana?

3.

Mariana:

How can I teach gender to my friend Austin?

4.

Professor:

He doesn't speak Portuguese?

5.

Mariana:

Yes and no. It's because he's from the United States and he can talk and understand pretty well but there are a lot of errors. Mostly with masculine and feminine. I've already tried explaining these things to him but keeps doing it.

6.

Professor:

What types of errors does he make? Give me some examples.

7.

Mariana:

Well, for example yesterday his computer had a problem and he said, "a sistema operadora do computador." After that I helped him a bit and we fixed his computer and he said, "Obrigado, você é tão bondoso."

8.

Professor:

Hmmm...

CONT'D OVER PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #10 - ARE BRAZ I LI AN COMPUT ERS MAS CULI NE OR FEMI NI NE?

3

9.

Mariana:

And every so often he calls me "ele."

10.

Professor:

Woah, that's kind of tough. Well, sometimes it helps to explain that masculine and feminine are not directly tied to reality. In other words, that gender is a grammatical element. Not a perspective of reality.

11.

Mariana:

How so?

12.

Professor:

Sometimes foreigners think that certain things like "mesa" are actually feminine. In other words, that in a Brazilian's mind, a "mesa" has a sex and not just gender. Sometimes showing that it's just a grammatical function helps.

13.

Mariana:

Thank you. I'll think about it a bit more.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

principalmente

mainly

adverb

pensar

think

verb

vínculo

link, tie, connection

noun

típico

typical

adjective

realidade

reality

noun

feminine

perspectiva

perspective

noun

feminine

fixo erro

affixed, attached, permanente

adjective

error, mistake

noun

Ge nde r

masculine

masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #10 - ARE BRAZ I LI AN COMPUT ERS MAS CULI NE OR FEMI NI NE?

4

Ela gosta de muitos filmes,

pensar na pergunta

principalmente romances.

"Think about the question."

"She likes many movies, mainly romances." Os vínculos sanguíneos sempre falam

O Chevy Classic é um carro brasileiro

mais alto.

típico.

"The blood ties always speak louder."

"The Chevy Classic is a typical Brazilian car."

O fim dos seus sonhos trouxe-o de volta

Todos precisam de uma nova

à dura realidade.

perspectiva.

"The end of his dreams brought him back

"All need a new perspective."

to hard reality." Sua casa tem telefone fixo?

Eu já cometi muitos erros.

"Does your house have a land-line?"

"I've already committed many errors."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Ou seja The literal translation is, "or it would be," but it means, "in other words." This is an often used phrase that indicates a shift in explanation or a furthering of explanation. It's different from aliás which we'll talk about next.

Aliás Aliás is a difficult word to translate. In use, it usually indicates a change in what was being said. For example, you say something and then realize it wasn't quite right, so you say aliás and then give your corrected version. The difference between ou seja and aliás is that ou seja is used to further or expand upon your explanation whereas aliás is used to correct what you've said. I often translate ou seja as "in other words" and aliás as "or better."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #10 - ARE BRAZ I LI AN COMPUT ERS MAS CULI NE OR FEMI NI NE?

5

De vez em quando The literal translation is, "of time on when," but it means, "sometimes." De vez em quando is used when you are talking about a sometimes that happens more infrequently than frequently. Intonation is important.

Um pouco vs. uma pouca This is a simple phrase that means "a little." Most of you are probably already quite adept at using this phrase. However, I recently ran into a young lady who said uma pouca in an attempt to make it agree with comida, which is a feminine noun. We just wanted to point out that um pouco is a fixed phrase so it doesn't vary. There is no such phrase as uma pouca in Portuguese.

Seu ponto de vista vs. sua ponta de visto Seu ponto de vista is an everyday phrase that for whatever reason, was always very difficult for me to finally get right. It means "your point of view" and as you can imagine, it's a very useful phrase. What we would like to point out is that the phrase is seu ponto de vista not sua ponta de visto. What can make this confusing is that ponta is a word as well as visto but they have different meanings than the other words. ponto ("point, position, dot, period") ponta ("point, tip, vertex") vista ("view, vision, sight") visto ("visa" (tourism/immigration)

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is gênero. Como posso ensinar gênero para meu amigo Austin? "How can I teach gender to my friend Austin?"

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #10 - ARE BRAZ I LI AN COMPUT ERS MAS CULI NE OR FEMI NI NE?

6

Verbs garner most of the attention in Portuguese grammar. My dictionary has over fifty pages dedicated to the explanations and uses of verbs and how they can work and in which ways, regarding number, person, and tempo. Something that rarely gets any attention in a Brazilian grammar class is gender. They all get it and it's something that they just know, so why spend any time studying it? For foreigners however, it's quite a different matter. Grammatical gender does not affect verbs in any way. Prepositions also can't be affected directly but many prepositions (like de) form contractions with articles. For example, the preposition de means "of" or "from" and is one of the most used words in Portuguese. The rule states that if de is followed by either of the articles o or a, then it must contract with them. Since the articles have gender the resulting contractions do and da also have gender. In a phrase this would look like Esse livro é da escola ("This book is (of the) school") or ("This book is the school's"). We've got a whole lesson dedicated to these and other contractions in Portuguese but just remember that do, dos, da, and das all mean the same thing, "of the." Nouns are names of people, places, and things. Every noun in Portuguese is assigned either a masculine or feminine gender. Like English, most pronouns and nouns dealing with males are masculine and most dealing with females are feminine, but even nouns unrelated to either sex are assigned a masculine or feminine gender. The gender of a noun can often be identified by its ending. In general, nouns ending in -o are masculine and nouns ending in -a are feminine. Grammatical gender is one of the key grammatical concepts in Portuguese. You should always remember that gender is centered on nouns and then extends to articles and adjectives. Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas—like shoes, sunglasses, trees, ants, and clouds, etc. In Portuguese, every noun has either a masculine or a feminine gender. Most nouns dealing with males are masculine (brother, father, sir) and most nouns dealing with females are feminine (daughter, aunt, ma'am). You must be aware of the gender of all nouns in Portuguese so that you don't create mistakes. The key is that even nouns that have nothing to do with either masculinity or femininity, like road and cloud, are still assigned a gender.

Nouns and Articles

With the feminine noun "actress" you must use the pronoun "her." All pronouns in these sentences must agree in gender with the subject; that is, masculine pronouns with masculine subjects, and feminine pronouns with feminine subjects.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #10 - ARE BRAZ I LI AN COMPUT ERS MAS CULI NE OR FEMI NI NE?

7

Every noun in Portuguese is preceded by an article. You have to know the gender of the noun because the gender of the article has to match the gender of the noun. English doesn't have grammatical gender (there is only one article - "the"), but in Portuguese there is the feminine a article and the masculine o article and then plural forms of each of these. You use a and o the same way you would use "the" in English, but before every noun, even if you wouldn't use it in English, like before people's names or days of the week. In Portuguese, adjectives and articles agree in gender with the nouns they modify. Adjectives whose dictionary form ends in -o have both masculine and feminine forms: bonito, bonita (more advanced examples). Articles also have either masculine or feminine forms (o - a) These adjectives and articles serve as signals that tell the gender of the nouns they modify. Nouns modified by bonito or o are masculine, those modified by bonita or a are feminine.

Using Gender with Names

Tip: To identify the gender of names, titles, or brand names you simply ask yourself, "What is it?" For example, if someone asks you, "Where do you live?" and you want to respond with "On Ruy Carneiro," which is the name of a main street in your city named after a state senator, in Portuguese, that translates to na Ruy Carneiro. Remember that nouns almost always have articles in front of them. That's why you say na instead of just em. But why isn't it no Ruy Carneiro? Ruy Carneiro was a man so it should be no, right? Wrong. Roads in Portuguese are almost always feminine because almost all road words are feminine: rua, avenida, estrada, alameda, vila, etc. In this case, Ruy Carneiro is referring to the road which makes it feminine. For example, in the conversation: Onde você compra tantas frutas? No Carrefour, fica perto da minha casa. Carrefour is a large supermarket chain in Brazil. The word is actually of French origin so the tips I gave before about using the endings of the words to identify don't help. So, why did she say no Carrefour and not na Carrefour? Because Carrefour is a supermarket and "supermarket" in Portuguese is supermercado, a masculine word.

Language Tip

Articles and adjectives can serve as signals if you are unsure about the gender of a noun. Examples from This Lesson:

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #10 - ARE BRAZ I LI AN COMPUT ERS MAS CULI NE OR FEMI NI NE?

8

1.

Ele não fala o português? "Doesn't he speak Portuguese?"

2.

Que tipo de erro ele comete? Me dá uns exemplos. "What types of errors does he make? Give me some examples."

3.

Às vezes ajuda mostrar que isto é somente uma função gramatical. "Sometimes showing that is it's just a grammatical function helps."

Special Nouns

There are some nouns that have special grammatical genders, like dentista ("dentist"). Dentista can be both feminine or masculine so you have to use the article before the noun to define if you are talking about a man or a woman—o dentista if you are talking about a male dentist and a dentista if you are talking about a female destist. Then, we have nouns like criança ("child"), pessoa ("person"), and cônjuge ("spouse") that do not vary in grammatical gender, they have only one grammatical gender and they can refer to both men and women. A criança means "the child" and it can be used for a boy or for a girl. the same happens to a pessoa and to o cônjuge.

Pronunciation Tip

And remember that the pronunciation for these articles is [o] and [a] not [ou] or [uh] or [ei] or [å]. Not really a big deal as far as understanding is concern but it sounds really strange, similar to people using an "-f" instead of a "-th" when they say "the."

CULTURAL INSIGHT Brazilian Computers

A computer is a computer pretty much wherever you go but no matter where you are, whether it is across the street or in another hemisphere, every computer will be a little different. Computer systems in Portuguese vocabulary are quite different.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #10 - ARE BRAZ I LI AN COMPUT ERS MAS CULI NE OR FEMI NI NE?

9

One of the main differences between Brazilian computer systems and American computer systems is the keyboard. For the most part they are the same and Brazil follows the standard QWERTY style keyboard. (QWERTY is the first five letters on the top left of the keyboard). Since Portuguese has accent marks as well as the -ç, the Brazilian keyboard has been altered to accommodate these extra letters. There are two standard Brazilian keyboard layouts, the ABNT and the ABNT2. Both of which have the -ç where the standard QWERTY keyboard has the ;. The circunflexo is located directly to the right and is also the til button. You can alternate between the two using the shift key. The acento agudo and the crase are usually diagonally right of the -ç and are also selected using the shift key. The displaced keys are mixed into other areas of the keyboard, sometimes near the return key some time near the -z key. In total, the ABNT2 adds between 2 and 4 keys to the standard QWERTY keyboard. Mac users don't need to worry about this as the option key allows for all of this functionality.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #10 - ARE BRAZ I LI AN COMPUT ERS MAS CULI NE OR FEMI NI NE?

10

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #11 An Unimportant Second Date in Brazil

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 6 8

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

11

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Leonardo:

Oi maninha. O que você acha dessa camisa?

2.

Éli:

Saindo mais uma vez com a Lisa! Isto é muito animador.

3.

Leonardo:

Vamos ver, né? Não é tão sério quanto você pensa.

4.

Éli:

É sim! Ela é bonita?

5.

Leonardo:

Dizem que sim.

6.

Éli:

É mesmo? Eu preciso conhecer essa menina. Amanhã à noite, jantar, aqui em casa.

7.

Leonardo:

Você não acha um pouco cedo para ela conhecer "a família”? É só a segunda vez que saímos.

8.

Éli:

É a primeira vez que você sai mais de uma vez com a mesma mulher nos últimos três anos. Eu quero conhecê-la.

9.

Leonardo:

Tá, vou conversar com ela sobre. Éli, você sabe dançar tango? A Lisa quer sair para uma galeria de arte e talvez tocará tango.

10.

Éli:

Sei não, mas o Cesar sabe. Ele pode te ensinar.

11.

Leonardo:

Tá bom, se for de graça!

12.

Éli:

Tá. Eu iria com a primeira camisa. Combina melhor com o seu tom de pele.

13.

Leonardo:

ENGLISH PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

É mesmo?

CONT'D OVER UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #11 - AN UNIMPORTANT SECOND DATE IN BRAZIL

2

1.

Leonardo:

Hey Sis. What do you think of this shirt?

2.

Éli:

Another date with Lisa. This is very exciting!

3.

Leonardo:

We'll see. It's not that big of a deal.

4.

Éli:

Yes it is! Is she pretty?

5.

Leonardo:

You could say that...

6.

Éli:

Oh yeah? I need to meet this girl. Tomorrow night, dinner, here.

7.

Leonardo:

Don't you think it's a bit too early to meet the family? It's only our second date.

8.

Éli:

It's the first second date you've been on in three years. I want to meet her.

9.

Leonardo:

Okay, I'll talk to her about it. Éli, do you know how to dance the tango? Lisa wants to go to an art gallery and there might be a bit of tango.

10.

Éli:

I don't but Cesar knows. He could teach you.

11.

Leonardo:

Alright, couldn't hurt.

12.

Éli:

Okay. I'd go with the first shirt. It goes better with your skin tone.

13.

Leonardo:

Oh yeah?

VOCABULARY

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #11 - AN UNIMPORTANT SECOND DATE IN BRAZIL

3

Por tugue se

English

C lass

ensinar

teach

verb

Ge nde r

to combine, to combinar

match, to go with, to

camisa

shirt

noun

feminine

pele

skin

noun

feminine

animador

exciting

adjective

janta

dinner

noun

cedo

early

adverb

tango

tango

noun

verb

arrange

feminine

masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES A mulher está ensinando as crianças.

Esta blusa combina perfeitamente com essa saia.

"The woman is teaching the children."

"This blouse matches perfectly with that skirt." Combinamos de ir ao cinema hoje.

O homem está passando a camisa.

"We arranged to go to the movies today."

"The man is ironing the shirt."

A pele do rosto é muito sensível.

Este trabalho é nem um pouco

"The skin of the face is very sensitive."

animador. "This work is not even a little bit exciting."

A janta será às vinte horas.

Eu levantei muito cedo hoje.

"Dinner will be at eight o'clock."

"I got up very early today."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #11 - AN UNIMPORTANT SECOND DATE IN BRAZIL

4

Eles dançaram o tango. "They danced the tango."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Muito animador The literal translation is, "very animator," but Portuguese used the word animar and animador to mean "exciting." It might seem strange that the word animador is used. It sounds like it would be referring to a person but this grammar is used to mean that it is an "item that excites," or in more normal English, "exciting." Portuguese does have the word excitar and excitante but they have a very strong connotation toward things we shouldn't talk about in a Grated podcast. So, it's better to use animador and animar. Dizem que sim This phrase is an idiomatic expression that is very similar to "You could say that." Literally it means, "They say that yes," but it's used just like the English version. Aqui em casa The literal translation is, "here at home," which is exactly what it means but we wanted to point out the translation difference. In the English, we just translated it as "here" instead of "here at home." This is because in Portuguese, these location words are so relative that often they need a clarifier (like em casa) for the person to understand. Now, you'd think that context was enough but when I had a native read this, they said it needed the em casa to emphasize. Without it they were left guessing, where? where is here? Talvez terá The literal translation is, "maybe there will be," but you could also translate it as "there could possibly be" or "there might be." The use of the talvez and the one word future with terá give the sentence a feeling of possibility, not probability. Galeria de artes The literal translation is, "gallery of arts" or "art gallery." Sometimes, depending on the preference of the place, it can even be translated as "art museum." We just wanted to point that one out to you.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #11 - AN UNIMPORTANT SECOND DATE IN BRAZIL

5

Se for de graça The literal translation is, "if it's free" but it is an idiomatic expression used as "couldn't hurt."

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is dicas de pronúncia Saindo mais uma vez com a Lisa! "Another date with Lisa."

This lesson is focused mostly on pronunciation tips. In this lesson we'll review many idiomatic expressions and then explain the pronunciation tips within those idioms. For example, in the phrase from the dialogue, Saindo mais uma vez com a Lisa!, you have an '-s' that makes a '-z' sound and a '-z' that makes an '-s' sound. Tip one is that when '-z's are at the end of words they almost always make an '-s' sound. Tip two is that when a word ends in '-s' and the next word starts with a vowel sound, then that '-s' makes a '-z' sound. However, if spoken slowly, it is pronounced as an '-s.' This happens again in the sentence Sei não mas o Cesar sabe ("I don't but Cesar knows"). Comparison of Open and Closed Vowels - "O" Fechado

"English"

Aberto

"English"

gôsto

(noun for "taste")

gosto

(verb for "I like")

bolsa

("woman's purse")

hora

("hour")

avô

("grandfather")

avó

("grandmother")

todo

("all")

agora

("now")

senhor

("you, sir")

senhora

("you, ma'am")

novo

("new," masculine)

nova

("new," feminine)

For Example: 1.

Que gosto vê-lo aqui. "It's wonderful to see him here."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #11 - AN UNIMPORTANT SECOND DATE IN BRAZIL

6

dar gosto

2.

"to be pleasing" estar com fome

3.

"to be hungry" Que horas são?

4.

"What time is it?" Comparison of Open and Closed vowels - "E" Fechado

"English"

Aberto

"English"

seu

("you," "his," etc.)

céu

("sky")

ele

("he")

ela

("she")

erro

(noun for "wrong")

erro

(verb for "I err")

(2nd, 3rd person lê

sing. ler)

até

("until")

você

("you")



("faith")

(command form of dê

dar)

festa

("party")

cereja

("cherry")



("foot")

cesta

("basket")

século

("century")

For Example: 1.

Ele cometeu um erro grave. "He committed a grave error."

2.

Eu erro muito. "I often err."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #11 - AN UNIMPORTANT SECOND DATE IN BRAZIL

7

3.

passar ferro "to iron"

4.

ferrovia

5.

ferrar-se

6.

Não chegar aos pés de to be inferior to"

De-voicing Word Final Vowels

Brazilians are notorious for speaking very fast. Since there are so many vowels in Portuguese it can be difficult to tell exactly where one word ends and another begins. More often than not, what may seem like speaking quickly is actually de-voicing or removing the voice from a pronounced vowel. This is very common at the end of a word. Examples of De-voicing Pairs bolsa

bolso

clara

claro

bem feita

bem feito

CULTURAL INSIGHT Dancing and Dances in Brazil

Samba and forro are probably the two most popular types of Brazilian dances and we have talked about them a number of times so we won’t get into them now. Almost all Brazilian dances (and most dances in general) tell a story. Or many stories. Xaxado is not very well known even to many Brazilians. Xaxado is a battle dance created by outlaws in the early 1920s. It spread among the cangaceiros ("highwaymen") of the nordeste. Originally, it was an exclusively male dance arguably because during that time there were no

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #11 - AN UNIMPORTANT SECOND DATE IN BRAZIL

8

women in banditry. They'd often "play" that their weapons (rifles, swords) were there women. They danced in single file with the leader in the front singing the verses in a call-response format. Usually the words were about attacking enemies, lamenting the death of friends or leaders, or celebrating their victories. Lambada has its roots in a native Amazonian dance which when the Portuguese arrived, became mixed with African influences. The original dance is called the carimbó, which in the 1960s and 1970s was mixed with electric guitars and a variant began through influence from merengue e cúmbia. Over the next years, the lambada was born. In 1999, the group Kaoma lançou's "llorando se fue" became internationally recognized. More recently, Jennifer Lopez adapted "Llorando se fue" to "On the Floor."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #11 - AN UNIMPORTANT SECOND DATE IN BRAZIL

9

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #12 Making Five-Year Plans in Portuguese

CONTENTS 2 3 4 4 5 7 8

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

12

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Éli:

Leonardo estou tão orgulhosa de você! O Marlon me disse sobre a promoção para gerente do Carrefour! Parabéns!

2.

Leonardo:

Ah tá, então primeiro, a posição não é minha ainda e segundo, relaxa no entusiasmo. É um aumento de cem reais por mês num supermercado e nem tem vaga pro carro.

3.

Éli:

Você não tem carro.

4.

Leonardo:

Eu sei mas mesmo assim.

5.

Éli:

Então sua falta de interesse significa que você está finalmente pensando em sair do Carrefour por uma profissão de verdade? Pelo amor de Deus, você fez faculdade na USP!

6.

Leonardo:

Sim e no último ano eu fui jogado fora como um cachorro sarnento, por colar.

7.

Éli:

O que você não fez.

8.

Leonardo:

Eu sei disso, mas o registro da universidade permanece e você sabe como é difícil recorrer desse tipo de coisa.

9.

Éli:

Eu acho que você deveria planejar onde você quer estar daqui a cinco anos.

10.

Leonardo:

Daqui cinco anos?

11.

Éli:

Bem, até onde eu sei você já provou que o seu lugar não é no Carrefour. Você deve fazer planos para o seu futuro. O que você acha?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #12 - MAKING FIVE-YEAR PLANS IN PORTUGUESE

2

12.

Leonardo:

Boa noite!

ENGLISH 1.

Éli:

Leonardo, I am so proud of you! Marlon told me about the manager promotion at Carrefour! Congratulations!

2.

Leonardo:

Okay, so first of all, the position is not mine yet, and second of all, you can ease up on the enthusiasm. It's only a two dollar an hour raise at a supermarket and it doesn't even give me my own parking place.

3.

Éli:

You don't have a car.

4.

Leonardo:

I know but I'd like the option.

5.

Éli:

Well, does your lack of interest mean that you are actually considering leaving Carrefour for a real profession? For heaven's sake, you went to USP!

6.

Leonardo:

Right, and I was unceremoniously expelled senior year for cheating.

7.

Éli:

Which you didn't do.

8.

Leonardo:

I know that but my official record still stands and you know how hard it is to appeal these kinds of things.

9.

Éli:

Well, I think you should plan where you want to be in five years.

10.

Leonardo:

In five years?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #12 - MAKING FIVE-YEAR PLANS IN PORTUGUESE

3

11.

Éli:

Well, as far as I'm concerned you've already proven that your place is not at Carrefour. You should make plans for your future. What do you think?

12.

Leonardo:

Good night!

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

promoção

promotion, offer

noun

feminine

mandato

term

noun

masculine

orgulhoso

prideful

adjective

to calm down, to

acalmar-se

calm oneself down

verb

aumento

increase

noun

masculine

vaga

space

noun

feminine

significar

to mean, to signify

verb

USP Universidade USP

de São Paulo, São

discordia

noun

feminine

disagreement

noun

feminine

provar

to prove, to test

verb

criar

to create

verb

Paulo University

SAMPLE SENTENCES

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #12 - MAKING FIVE-YEAR PLANS IN PORTUGUESE

4

Qual é a promoção do dia?

O leão é muito orgulhoso.

"What is today's promotion?" or "What's the

"Lions are very prideful."

sale of the day?" Aquela música sempre o acalmava.

Os funcionários pediram um aumento de salário.

"That song always calmed him."

"The employees asked for a pay increase." Tem uma vaga alí.

Isto significa que tem muito trabalho pra fazer.

"There is a space over there."

"This means there is a lot of work to do." Isto significa que tem muito trabalho pra

A USP tem os melhores alunos do

fazer.

Brasil.

"This means there is a lot of work to do."

"USP has the best students in Brazil."

A USP tem os melhores alunos do

Discordia vem por falta de acordo.

Brasil.

"Disagreement comes because of lack of

"USP has the best students in Brazil."

agreement."

Eu vou provar para vocês.

Eu criei uma obra de arte.

"I’ll prove it to you."

"I created a work of art."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Esse tipo de coisa In this phrase the English and Portuguese are very simple but there are just slight differences. In English, at least in my American dialect, we usually say "these types of things" in the plural. But in Portuguese, it's usually used in the singular, esse tipo de coisa. Now, in English you can say it in the singular depending on a few factors but in Portuguese I cant' think of any reason to pluralize this phrase. Esses tipos de coisas just sounds wrong.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #12 - MAKING FIVE-YEAR PLANS IN PORTUGUESE

5

Pelo amor de Deus The literal translation is, "for the love of God," but it feels a little bit closer to the meaning of "for heaven's sake," or some similar phrase. It's not a strong phrase so it's not considered cursing by most Brazilians, but there are a few who (the more religious ones) who will be displeased, so use this phrase at your own risk.

Fez faculdade The literal translation is, "did college," but in this context it has almost the exact practical meaning as "studied at." So, if you need to say, "I studied at the University of Florida," then you'd say, Eu fiz faculdade na universidade da Flórida. By default both mean that you graduated from that university but both also leave a back door for the possibility that you may not have completed your studies.

Jogado fora como um cachorro sarnento The literal translation is, "threw me out like a dog with scabies." This is an idiom and can therefore translate to a number of different phrases in English including, "thrown out like old garbage" and "thrown out like a stray dog." Because he is talking about being thrown out of school, we used the translation of "unceremoniously expelled."

Colar Colar has three possible definitions. First as a noun, colar means "necklace." Second, colar as a verb means "to glue" or "to stick two things together." And third, colar as an expression means "to copy someone else's work." I think the idea goes as having your eyes glued to their work. This last kind of colar is what we usually call "cheating" in English.

Recorrer The literal translation is, "re-run" but it has the strong idea of "try again" or "give it another go."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #12 - MAKING FIVE-YEAR PLANS IN PORTUGUESE

6

In the situation like Leo's we might translate it as "appeal," which is what we did.

Até onde eu sei The literal translation is, "until where I know." This is the idiomatic expession equivalent to "as far as I know." This can be used in almost any way its English equivalent can be used.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is Active and Equative Sentences É um aumento de cem reais por mês num supermercado e nem tem vaga pro carro. "It's only a two dollar an hour raise at an supermarket and it doesn't even give me my own parking place."

Active Sentences: 1.

O trem passou por cima da colina. "The train went over the hill."

2.

A menina está pulando corda. "The girl is jumping rope."

Equative Sentences: 1.

Dilma é presidente. "Dilma is the president."

2.

Tailândia é um pais único. "Thailand is a unique country."

An active sentence tells what something or someone does. An equative sentence tells what someone or something is. For Example:

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #12 - MAKING FIVE-YEAR PLANS IN PORTUGUESE

7

1.

Eu sei disso mas minha ficha oficial permanece e você sabe como é difícil recorrer esse tipo de coisa. "I know that but my official record still stands and you know how long it takes to appeal these kinds of things."

2.

O livro de Evanildo Bechara é muito técnico. "Evanildo Bechara's book is very technical."

Ser vs. Estar

You're probably tired of hearing about the difference between ser and estar but the reality is that I still hear almost native level foreigners using them incorrectly. The concept of active and equative sentences should help in distinguishing between ser and estar. Estar is used in active sentences and ser is used in equative sentences and it's as simple as that.

CULTURAL INSIGHT Supermarkets in Brazil

There are several nationwide supermarket chains in Brazil such as Carrefour and Pão de Açúcar. There are also regional supermarkets such as Condor in Paraná and Bom Preço in the Nordeste. Pão de Açúcar is the largest supermarket chain in Brazil when measured by number of stores, somewhere close to 1,500 nationwide. The French based Carrefour is the second largest with just under 800 stores. Walmart is very present in Brazil and currently has about 300 stores nationwide. Because of Walmart's efficiency and ability to maximize profits, even though it has the fewest numbers of stores of the nationwide supermarkets, in 2011 it posted the highest profit margins of any supermarket in the country. Seeing their profits tumble so dramatically in such a short amount of time, Pão de Açúcar and Carrefour have recently announced a merger to become Novo Pão de Açúcar. The planned merger is financially backed by the Brazilian national bank, BNDES.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #12 - MAKING FIVE-YEAR PLANS IN PORTUGUESE

8

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #13 Portuguese Verbs are Shapely Too

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 7 10

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

13

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Professora:

Então classe, hoje temos uma apresentação especial com o doutor Cícero Sandrone. Eu e ele vamos explicar sobre a estrutura da forma verbal.

2.

Cícero:

Exatamente. Bom dia classe! Então, todo verbo do português, na sua forma infinitiva, contém dois elementos – um lexical, que se refere à realidade do mundo externo à língua, ou seja, é a parte em que vai embutida a sua significação.

3.

Professora:

Que também se chama radical ou raiz, como discutimos anteriormente. O outro elemento, o gramatical, compreende a sua terminação ou parte final.

4.

Cícero:

Exatamente. No qual estão embutidas as informações gramaticais que todo verbo deve conter. Dessa forma, considerando as três formas verbais seguintes, que se encontram no infinitivo – falar, correr, partir - facilmente podem estas ser seccionadas respectivamente, em - radical mais elemento gramatical ou terminação [fal-] mais [-ar], [corr-] mais [-er], [part-] mais [-ir].

5.

Professora:

O radical, por encerrar em si o significado externo do verbo, obviamente variará ao infinito e, vale dizer, por princípio, que cada verbo terá um radical diferente do outro.

6.

Cícero:

Já a terminação, justamente por conter, ao contrário, as informações próprias que qualquer verbo deve poder expressar dentro de um tema, formará uma rede fechada e com relativamente poucos elementos, por meio da qual tais informações serão formalmente transmitidas.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #13 - PORT UGUES E VERBS ARE S HAPELY T OO

2

1.

Professora:

Now class, today we have a special presentation by Doctor Cícero Sandrone. He and I will explain about the structures of the verb form.

2.

Cícero:

Exactly. Good morning class! So, every Portuguese verb in its infinitive form contains two elements–a lexical, which refers to the reality of the world external to the language, or rather, it is the part in which the meaning is built.

3.

Professora:

It is also called the radical or root as we discussed before. The other element, which is the grammatical, encompasses the verb's ending or final part.

4.

Cícero:

Exactly. Built into which is the grammatical information that every verb should contain. In this way, considering the three following verb forms, that are found in the infinitive – falar, correr, and partir these can easily be sectioned into - radical plus grammatical element or ending [fal-] plus [-ar], [corr-] plus [-er], [part-] plus [-ir].

5.

Professora:

The radical, by holding within itself the external meaning of the verb, will obviously vary infinitely and it's worth saying, in principle, that each verb will have a different radical from any other.

6.

Cícero:

However, the ending, by precisely containing, contradictorily, the unique information that every verb must to be able to express within a linguistic realm, will form a closed network with relatively few elements through which said information will be formally transmitted.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

léxico

lexical

noun

masculine

externo

external

adjective

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #13 - PORT UGUES E VERBS ARE S HAPELY T OO

3

infinitivo embutir específico

doutor

infinitive

noun

to build in, to make a part of, to embed

verb

specific

adjective

doctorate, Ph. D.

masculine

doctor

noun

masculine

estrutura

structure

noun

feminine

significação

meaning

noun

feminine

apresentação

presentation

noun

feminine

mundo

world

noun

masculine

radical

radical

noun

masculine

termination

noun

feminine

contrário

contrary

adjective

justamente

precisely, right

adjective

formalmente

formally

adjective

terminação

ending, terminal,

SAMPLE SENTENCES O chinês tem muitas palavras no seu léxico.

O mundo externo é muito bonito. "The external world is very pretty."

"Chinese has many lexical words." O infinitivo é a base da conjugação

Meu guarda-roupa está embutida na

verbal português.

parede.

"The infinitive is the foundation of

"My dresser is embedded into the wall."

Portuguese verbal conjugation."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #13 - PORT UGUES E VERBS ARE S HAPELY T OO

4

Esse programa é específico para

Seu doutor, posso te fazer uma

gestantes.

pergunta?

"This program is specific to expecting

"Mr. Ph. D., could I ask you a question?"

women." A estrutura do prédio está

A significação do léxico é importante.

desequilibrada.

"The meaning of the lexical is important."

"The building's structure is unbalanced." Na sexta feira, preciso dar uma

Neste mundo, há muito que fazer.

apresentação.

"In this world, there's a lot to do."

"I need to give a presentation on Friday." Em aluna, o radical é alun-.

A compreensão das terminações portuguesas é necessária para o

"In aluna, the radical is alun-."

entendimento do idioma. "The comprehension of Portuguese endings is necessary for the understanding of the language."

Ao contrário, o Brasil ganharia a Copa.

Isto é justamente o que eu queria evitar.

"To the contrary, Brazil would win the

"This is precisely what I wanted to avoid."

World Cup." Formalmente aceitamos seu pedido. "We formally accept your request."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Variará ao infinito The literal translation is, "will vary to the infinite," but it means, "it varies infinitly." This is a

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #13 - PORT UGUES E VERBS ARE S HAPELY T OO

5

poetic phrase used to add beauty to an otherwise very dull lecture. Realidade do mundo externo à língua The literal translation is, "reality of the external world to the language," but it actually means, "reality of the world that is external to the language." In other words, language just describes reality, it isn't actually a part of it. Facilmente podem estas respectivamente ser secionadas The literal translation is, "easily can these respectively be sectioned," but it means, "these could be easily sectioned apart, respectively." Again, this is more poetry than grammar. The strictness of Portuguese grammar makes these kinds of things easily restructurable with no or very little change in meaning. What you can't do in Portuguese is have two mente words right next to each other. If there were one right after another, one would modify the other and alter the meaning drastically. Respectivamente is one of the few Brazilian Portuguese words that still preserves the "-ct" which has been otherwise removed. Also it's [respectiv(a)mente], not [respectiv(uh)mente]. Qualquer verbo deve poder expressar The literal translation is, "any verb must to be able to express," but the meaning is, "any verb must be able to express," the "to" is removed. The meaning here is obvious but we wanted to point out that the preposition para wasn't used here. Here deve is acting as a helping verb which means it isn't taking it's full meaning. Neither is the verb poder which follows. If you were to insert the prepositon para between dever and poder you'd get qualquer verbo deve para poder expressar. This phrase is incorrect. Dever is only followed by para when it carries the meaning of debt. For example, Ele deve R$ 100 para Maria ("He owes Maria R$100"). Cada verbo terá um radical diferente do outro. The literal translation is, "each verb will have a different radical from another," but it means, "Each and every verb will have a different radical from any other." The two points to remember here are that cada doesn't mean "each." It's more intense and has more of a feeling of "each and every." The second is actually about English. The phrase "different from" vs. "different than" is a debated topic among grammarians, however, most experts prefer "different from" to "different than." Grammar girl said, "I keep this straight by remembering that "different" has two "f's" and only one "t," so the best choice between "than" and "from" is the one that starts with an "f" -- "from." "Different from." Por meio da qual tais The literal translation is, "by medium of the which such...," but in normal English it means,

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #13 - PORT UGUES E VERBS ARE S HAPELY T OO

6

"through which such..." Remember that tais is plural for tal and is made plural because it's referring to a plural subject.

GRAMMAR The Focus of This Lesson is Deceptive Cognates Bom dia classe! Então, todo verbo do português, na sua forma infinitiva, contém dois elementos: um lexical, que se refere à realidade do mundo externo à língua ou seja é a parte em que vai embutida a sua significação. "Good morning class! So, every Portuguese verb in its infinitive form contains two elements: a lexical, which refers to the reality of the world exteral to the language or rather, it is the part in which the meaning is built."

Cognates are words which appear in two or more languages, normally differing somewhat in form, that may be traced to a common source, such as "nation" in English and nação in Portuguese, which both come from the same Latin root. If the meaning of a cognate in one language varies from its meaning in another, it is called a deceptive cognate.

Portuguese

"English

False Cognate

Portuguese

Translation"

(English)

Translation

"to light, to turn on a acender

light"

"ascend"

subir

acento

"accent mark"

"accent"

sotaque

adepto

"follower, member"

"adept"

experto, capaz

"to be surprised, or admirar-se

awed"

"admire"

apreciar

afilhado

"Godchild"

"afiliate"

filial

amortecedor

"shock absorber"

"mortician"

agente funerário

"to assist"

ajudar, auxiliar

"to watch", "to assistir, assistir a

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

attend"

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #13 - PORT UGUES E VERBS ARE S HAPELY T OO

7

atual

"current, present

verdadeiro, de

day"

"actual"

verdade

bife

"beef steak"

"beef"

carne de vaca

bombeiro

"fireman"

"bomber"

bombardeiro

bonde

"trolley car"

"bond"

título, apólice

campo

"field country"

"camp"

acampamento

carvão

"coal"

"carbon"

carbono chefe, cacique (for

chefe

"boss, headman"

"chief"

indian tribe)

cobra

"snake"

"cobra"

naja

cola

"glue"

"Cola" (beverage)

Coca

editor

"publisher"

"editor"

redator

espada

"sword"

"spade"

pá alguém

estrangeiro

"foreigner"

"stranger"

desconhecido

fábrica

"factory"

"fabric"

tecido

fósforo

"match"

"phosphorus"

fósforo

fumo

"tabacco"

"fume"

fumaça

futebol

"soccer"

"football"

futebol americano

ginásio

"junior high school"

"gymnasium"

ginásio, estádio

haver

"there (to) be"

"to have"

ter

jornal

"newspaper"

"journal"

diário

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #13 - PORT UGUES E VERBS ARE S HAPELY T OO

8

ladeira

"hill, slope"

"ladder"

escada

limão

"lime"

"lemon"

limão siciliano, lima

loja

"store"

"lodge"

choupana, cabana

marido

"husband"

"married"

casado

"mechanic's oficina

garage, workshop"

office

escritório

oração

"prayer, sentence"

"oration"

discurso, oração

parente

"relative"

"parents"

pais

patrão

"boss"

"patron"

freguês

peru

"turkey"

"Peru" (country)

Peru

pretender

"to intend"

"to pretend"

fingir, fazer de conta

procurar

"to search for"

"to procure"

arrumar, obter

propaganda

"advertising"

"propaganda"

propaganda

"prescription, receita

recipe"

"receipt"

recibo

regime

"diet"

"regime"

reinado, regime

"to bring to pass, to

reconhecer, dar-se

realizar

accomplish"

"to realize"

conta

smoking

"tuxedo"

"smoking"

fumante

"personable",

compassivo,

simpático

"friendly"

"sympathetic"

humano

sopa

"soup"

"soap"

sabão

valor

"value, worth"

"valor"

coragem, valência

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #13 - PORT UGUES E VERBS ARE S HAPELY T OO

9

guitarra

"electric guitar"

"guittar"

violão

Notes: - In Portugal, limão and lima are the opposite from Brazil. Limão is yellow, and lima is green. - Sopa and "soap" are not true cognates Partial Cognates

A common issue that happens between closely related languages like Portuguese and English is that many cognates share the same meaning but not 100% of the same meaning. For example, the dialogue used the phrase compreender which is an obvious cognate to "comprehend" in English. However, the dialogue used the verb compreender to mean "encompass." This is a very normal use of the verb compreender in Portuguese but in English that meaning is non-existant.

CULTURAL INSIGHT Academia brasileira de letras

The Academia brasileira de letras is a Brazilian organization dedicated to the growth and cultivation of Brazilian Portuguese. The ABL was founded in 1987 and currently has forty perpetual members chosen by secret vote and twenty foreign correspondent partners. All are native Brazilians. http://www.academia.org.br/abl/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?sid=536

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #13 - PORT UGUES E VERBS ARE S HAPELY T OO

10

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #14 An Unexpected Outcome in Brazil

CONTENTS 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

14

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Leonardo:

Minha irmã pediu para eu criar um plano para os próximos cinco anos.

2.

Lisa:

Por que?

3.

Leonardo:

Ela acha que minha vida está parada e vazia.

4.

Lisa:

E o que você acha?

5.

Leonardo:

Eu acho que melhorou muito recentemente mas eu certamente não estou onde eu me via há cinco anos. Então qual é o propósito disso tudo?

6.

Lisa:

E onde você se há viu cinco anos atrás?

7.

Leonardo:

Bem, formado da USP, dono de umas empresas bem-sucedidas, semi-aposentado e pensando em participar da Copa América.

8.

Lisa:

Uau. Essa foi específica. Você trabalhou muito nisto.

9.

Leonardo:

Foi sim. Na verdade, quando entrei na USP era mais ou menos nessa situação que eu me imaginava agora. Menos a parte de iatismo, eu não sei exatamente da onde aquilo surgiu. Mas a maioria da minha turma já está nesta fase.

10.

Lisa:

Então, o que mudou?

11.

Leonardo:

Minha vida sofreu um desvio no último ano, quando meu amigo achou testes roubados debaixo da minha cama e teve a bondade de alertar a direção.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #14 - AN UNEXPECTED OUTCOME IN BRAZIL

2

12.

Lisa:

Você roubou os testes?

13.

Leonardo:

Eu achei que estava implícito que eu sou uma pessoa decente.

14.

Lisa:

Bem, todos nós cometemos erros.

15.

Leonardo:

E eu cometi muitos, mas esse não foi um deles.

ENGLISH 1.

Leonardo:

My sister has been trying to get me to make a five-year plan.

2.

Lisa:

Why is that?

3.

Leonardo:

She thinks my life is stuck in a rut.

4.

Lisa:

Well, what do you think?

5.

Leonardo:

I think it got a lot better recently but I'm certainly not where I envisioned myself five years ago. So what's the point?

6.

Lisa:

And where did you envision yourself five years ago?

7.

Leonardo:

Well, graduated with honors from USP, owner of some successful companies, semi-retired, and considering entering the America's Cup.

8.

Lisa:

Wow. That was specific. You worked hard on that.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #14 - AN UNEXPECTED OUTCOME IN BRAZIL

3

9.

Leonardo:

Yeah I did. When I first entered USP it's kind of where I envisioned myself by now. Except for the sailing part, I don't really know where that came from. But that's where most of my class already is.

10.

Lisa:

So what changed?

11.

Leonardo:

My life took a detour senior year when my friend found stolen tests beneath my bed and was kind enough to alert administration.

12.

Lisa:

Did you steal the tests?

13.

Leonardo:

I thought it was implied that I am a decent person.

14.

Lisa:

Well, we all make mistakes.

15.

Leonardo:

And I've made plenty but that wasn't one of them.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

certamente

certainly, surely

adverb

recentemente

recently

adverb

bem-sucedido

successful

adjective

aposentado

retired

adjetive

participar

to participate

verb

desvio

detour

noun

específico

specific

adjective

fase

phase

noun

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

Ge nde r

masculine

feminine

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #14 - AN UNEXPECTED OUTCOME IN BRAZIL

4

surgir

to emerge, to surge out, to come out

verb

roubado

robbed, stolen

adjective

bondade

kindness

noun

induzir

to induce

verb

alertar

to alert, to warn

verb

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES As pessoas me acham uma ameaça, certamente.

Eu recentemente voltei da europa. "I recently returned from Europe."

"People think I'm a threat, certainly." Quero ser bem-sucedido.

Meu pai é aposentado.

"I want to be successful."

"My father is retired."

Eu quero participar da festa!

Minha vida sofreu um desvio.

"I want to participate in the party!"

"My life took a detour."

Esse programa é específico para

É só uma fase.

gestantes.

"It's just a phase."

"This program is specific to expecting women." Novas dúvidas surgiam, mas ninguém sabia as respostas.

Sua pulseira foi roubada. "Your bracelet."

"New doubts emerged, but no one knew the answers."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #14 - AN UNEXPECTED OUTCOME IN BRAZIL

5

Bondade é um princípio importante. "Kindness is an important principle."

Elas foram induzidas a divulgar a verdade. "They were induced to divulge the truth."

O ministério alertou hoje sobre um novo aumento na taxa de juros. "The ministry alerted today about a new increase in the interest rate."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Que propósito tem The literal translation is "what purpose has" or better "what purpose does it have" but is the idiomatic expression equivalent to "what's the point?" Bem-sucedida The literal translation is "well succeeded" but it means successful. And it's used to mean this, because there is no cognate for successful. Iatismo The literal translation is "sailing." When you put iatismo into Google Images you'll see hundreds of beautiful sail boats. Iate The literal translation is "yacht" and it has the same meaning of 'massive expensive bath toy' that it has in English. I wish I had one. There are two things to point out. Firstly, in Portuguese iate is spelled i-a-t-e, no y. Secondly, there is no direct connection between iatismo and iate. You'd think there would be but iatismo is very specifically for sailboats, and while yachts have tons of stuff, they do not have sails. Sofreu um desvio The literal translation is "suffered a deviation" but it actually means "took a detour." This is another idiomatic expression. Implícita The literal translation is "implicit" but it also means "implied." It's an adjective so it also has a

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #14 - AN UNEXPECTED OUTCOME IN BRAZIL

6

masculine form, implícito. There's a acento agudo on the second i.

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is o verbo valer Pensei que fosse valer mas agora que propósito tem? "I thought it was worth it but now, what's the point?"

Valer is another one of those verbs you use frequently but only in a few specific conjugations, namely—valeu!, valeu a pena? or vale a pena? Because you use this verb so often, you can be lulled in to a state of thinking you know how to conjugate it when you really don't.

Present

Past

Past Non-

One Word

Completed

Completed

Future

Conditional valeria - "I

valho - "I am

vali - "I was

valia - "I used

valerei - "I

would be

worth"

worth"

to be worth"

shall be worth"

worth"

valho

vali

valia

valerei

valeria

vales

valeste

valias

valerás

valerias

vale

valeu

valia

valerá

valeria

valemos

valemos

valímos

valeremos

valeríamos

valeis

valestes

valíeis

valereis

valeríeis

valem

valeram

valiam

valerão

valeriam

Past

Present

Future

Personalized

Subjunctive

Subjunctive

Subjunctive

Infinitive

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

Pluperfect

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #14 - AN UNEXPECTED OUTCOME IN BRAZIL

7

valesse "(that) I might

valha - "(that) I

valer - "(if) I be

be worth"

may be worth"

worth"

valesse

valha

valer

valeres

valera

valesses

valhas

valeres

valer

valeras

valesse

valha

valer

valermos

valera

valêssemos

valhamos

valermos

valerdes

valéramos

valêsseis

valhais

valerdes

valerem

valéreis

valessem

valham

valerem

valerão

valeram

valer

valera - "I had been worth"

Imperative vale-singular valei-plural Examples: 1.

Eu espero que valha a pena. – "I hope it's worth it." Imperative vale - singular valei plural

2.

Estes tomates não valiam dez centavos. – "These tomatoes weren't worth ten cents."

CULTURAL INSIGHT USP Brazil's university system has two main categories—Private and public. In most Brazilians' minds this translates to expensive and free respectively. Private universities are typically referred to as universidades particulares and public universities are usually called

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #14 - AN UNEXPECTED OUTCOME IN BRAZIL

8

universidades federais. USP is the premier Brazilian university in a number of fields. It also has one of the most difficult Vestibular tests in the country. Many universities base their vestibular on the one made by USP. As far as prestige, to a Brazilian mind USP is equivalent to going to Stanford, without the athletics, of course.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #14 - AN UNEXPECTED OUTCOME IN BRAZIL

9

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #15 Everything Changes in Portuguese

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 6 12

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

15

COPYRIGHT © 2016 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Professora:

Bom dia, classe. Hoje vamos falar sobre a nova ortografia. Marco, quando o acordo foi assinado?

2.

Marco:

Em mil novecentos e noventa e nove.

3.

Professora:

E quem assinou?

4.

Marco:

Os países - Portugal, Brasil, Angola, São Tomé e Príncipe, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique e, posteriormente, Timor Leste.

5.

Professora:

E só por assinar se tornou obrigatório no Brasil?

6.

Marco:

Não. O Acordo foi aprovado pelo Decreto Legislativo número cinquenta e quatro, dia dezoito de abril de mil novecentos e noventa e cinco.

7.

Professora:

E qual foi o propósito desse acordo?

8.

Marco:

Não sei.

9.

Professora:

O acordo ortográfico teve a intenção de unificar a ortografia de todos os países lusófonos. Assim, aumentaria a facilidade de comunicação entre os países lusófonos e apresentar-se-ia uma ortografia portuguesa unificada, o que já ocorre no inglês, no chinês, e no espanhol.

10.

Marco:

Mas esse acordo é meramente ortográfico, né professora?

11.

Professora:

Sim, restringe-se à língua escrita, não afetando nenhum aspecto da língua falada. Esse acordo foi um grande passo para o Brasil na cena internacional. Ele não elimina todas as diferenças ortográficas observadas nos países que têm a língua portuguesa como idioma oficial, mas é um grande passo em direção à pretendida unificação ortográfica do português.

ENGLISH PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

CONT'D OVER UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

2

1.

Professora:

Good morning class. Today we will talk about the new orthography. Marco, when was the agreement signed?

2.

Marco:

In 1990.

3.

Professora:

And who signed it?

4.

Marco:

The countries—Portugal, Brazil, Angola, São Tomé e Príncipe, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique and, later, Timor Leste.

5.

Professora:

And just by signing, did it become obligatory in Brazil?

6.

Marco:

No. The agreement was approved through Legislative Decree number 54, the 18th of April, 1995.

7.

Professora:

And what was the purpose of this agreement?

8.

Marco:

How should I know?

9.

Professora:

Ha! The orthography agreement was intended to unify the orthography of all Lusophone countries. This would improve the ease of communication between Lusophone countries and would present a unified Portuguese orthography, which can already be found in English, Chinese, and Spanish.

10.

Marco:

But this agreement is merely orthographic, right professor?

11.

Professora:

Yes it is restricted to the written language and doesn't affect any aspect of the spoken language. This agreement was an important step for Brazil in the international scene. It doesn't eliminate all the observed orthographic differences in the countries that have the Portuguese language as the official language, but it is an important step in the direction of the intended orthographic unification of Portuguese.

VOCABULARY

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

3

Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

afetar

to affect

verb

cena

scene

noun

aprovado

approved

adjective

eliminar

to eliminate

verb

assinar

to sign

verb

propósito

purpose

noun

masculine

ortografia

orthography, writing

noun

feminine

restringir

to restrict

verb

unificar

to unify

verb

lusófono

lusophone, speaker of the Portuguese language

noun

obrigatório

obligatory

adjective

intenção

intention

noun

feminine

criação

creation

noun

feminine

feminine

masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES A seca afetou toda a Região Nordeste. "The drought affected the entire Northwest region."

Algumas cenas desse filme foram feitas na Itália. "Some of the scenes from this film were made in Italy."

Seu pedido foi aprovado.

O flamengo foi eliminado do Brasileirão.

"Your request was approved."

"Flamengo was eliminated from the Brasileirão."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

4

Você assina aqui e aqui.

Qual é o propósito?

"You sign here and here."

"What the purpose?"

A ortografia portuguesa mudou.

Não restrinja a sua vida apenas aos bens materiais.

"The Portuguese orthography changed."

"Don't restrict your life to only material goods." A meta é unificar a ortografia portuguesa.

Nem todos os brasileiros são lusófonos. "Not all Brazilians are lusophones."

"The goal is to unify Portuguese orthography." Não é obrigatório casar-se cedo.

Qual é sua intenção?

"Marrying early isn't obligatory."

"What are your intentions?"

Trabalhei muito nesta criação. "I worked hard on this creation."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Ortografia The literal translation is "orthography" and for those of you who don't know, orthography means writing system. ortografia means "writing system" but sometimes it can be used to mean "spelling," as in a ortografia dessa palavra or even "handwriting" as in sua ortografia é muito bonita.

Mil novecentos This is more of a tip than anything. Between most numbers in Portuguese, you put the word e to make compound numbers. So, "three hundred twenty-six" is trezentos e vinte e seis. However, between mil and any of the -centos numbers, you don't put an e. It's just mil trezentos e vinte e seis or "one thousand three hundred twenty-six."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

5

Só por assinar The literal translation is "only by signing" but it means "just by signing." And it's used and has the same connotations as the English version.

Lusófonos The literal translation is Lusophones, which means "speakers of Portuguese." This is a word that not many Brazilians will know, but it is the correct word to use when describing speakers of Portuguese.

Cenário internacional The literal translation is "international scene" and that's exactly what it means. Just remember that it is internacional not "interna'sh'iona."

Diferenças ortográficas observadas The literal translation is "observed orthographic differences" which is also what it means. This is an example of words that have more than one adjective. Usually they follow the same order as English, just reversed. So in English, it's "observed orthographic" and in Portuguese it's ortográficas observadas.

Idioma oficial vs língua oficial Idioma oficial means "official language," and so does língua official. Here, the word idioma translates to "language" but língua translates to "tongue." As in, "the gift of tongues." Idioma is a more precise word and is usually preferred in official writing.

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is a nova ortografia e as mudanças no alfabeto, no uso do trema, e nas regras de acentuação. Sim restringe-se à língua escrita... "Yes it is restricted to the written language..."

Mudanças no uso do trema Não se usa mais o trema (¨), sinal colocado sobre a letra u para indicar que ela deve ser pronunciada nos grupos gue, gui, que, qui. Como era

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

Como Fica

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

6

agüentar

aguentar

argüir

arguir

cinqüenta

cinquenta

bilíngüe

bilíngue

delinqüente

delinquente

ensangüentado

ensanguentado

eloqüente

eloquente

freqüente

frequente

eqüestre

equestre

lingüeta

lingueta

lingüiça

linguiça

seqüestro

sequestro

seqüência

sequência

sagüi

sagui

tranqüilo

tranquilo

O banco me deu tudo em notas de cinquenta. - "The bank gave me everything in fifties." Mudanças nas regras de acentuação Não se usa mais o acento dos ditongos abertos éi e ói das palavras paroxítonas (palavras que têm acento tônico na penúltima sílaba). Como era

Como fica

alcatéia

alcateia

alcalóide

alcaloide

andróide

androide

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

7

apóio (verbo apoiar)

apoio

asteróide

asteroide

bóia

boia

Coréia

Coreia

colméia

colmeia

debilóide

debiloide

estóico

estoico

epopéia

epopeia

estréia

estreia

geléia

geleia

estréio (verbo estrear)

estreio

heróico

heroico

jibóia

jiboia

idéia

ideia

jóia

joia

paranóia

paranoia

paranóico

paranoico

tramóia

tramoia

platéia

plateia

Atenção: essa regra é válida somente para palavras paroxítonas. Assim, continuam a ser acentuadas as palavras oxítonas terminadas em éis, éu, éus, ói, óis. Exemplos: papéis, herói, heróis, troféu, troféus. Nas palavras paroxítonas, não se usa mais o acento no i e no u tônicos quando vierem

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

8

depois de um ditongo. Como era

Como fica

baiúca

baiuca

cauíla

cauila

bocaiúva

bocaiuva

feiúra

feiura

Atenção: se a palavra for oxítona e o i ou o u estiverem em posição fi nal (ou seguidos de s), o acento permanece. Exemplos: tuiuiú, tuiuiús, Piauí. Não se usa mais o acento das palavras terminadas em êem e ôo(s). Como era

Como fica

abençôo

abençoo

dêem (verbo dar)

deem

crêem (verbo crer)

creem

enjôo

enjoo

lêem (verbo ler)

leem

dôo (verbo doar)

doo

magôo (verbo magoar)

magoo

perdôo (verbo perdoar)

perdoo

povôo (verbo povoar)

povoo

vêem (verbo ver)

veem

vôos

voos

zôo

z

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

9

Não se usa mais o acento que diferenciava os pares pára/para, péla(s)/pela(s), pêlo(s)/pelo (s), pólo(s)/polo(s) e pêra/pera. Como era

Como fica

Ele pára o carro.

Ele para o carro.

Ele foi ao pólo Norte.

Ele foi ao polo Norte.

Esse gato tem pêlos brancos.

Esse gato tem pelos brancos.

Comi uma pêra.

Comi uma pera.

Ele gosta de jogar pólo.

Ele gosta de jogar polo.

verbo enxaguar: enxaguo, enxaguas, enxagua, enxaguam; enxague, enxagues, enxaguem. Atenção: no Brasil, a pronúncia mais corrente é a primeira, aquela com a e i tônicos. Eu preciso do seu apoio. - "I need your suppport." Atenção: Permanece o acento diferencial em pôde/pode. Pôde é a forma do passado do verbo poder (pretérito perfeito do indicativo), na 3a pessoa do singular. Pode é a forma do presente do indicativo, na 3a pessoa do singular. Ontem, ele não pôde sair mais cedo, mas hoje ele pode. - "He couldn't help you yesterday but today he can." Permanece o acento diferencial em pôr/por. Pôr é verbo. Por é preposição. Exemplo: Vou pôr o livro na estante que foi feita por mim. - "I'll put the book on the bookshelf that was made by me." Permanecem os acentos que diferenciam o singular do plural dos verbos ter e vir, assim como de seus derivados (manter, deter, reter, conter, convir, intervir, advir etc.). Ele tem dois carros. / Eles têm dois carros. Ele vem de Sorocaba. / Eles vêm de Sorocaba. Ele mantém a palavra. / Eles mantêm a palavra.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

10

Ele convém aos estudantes. / Eles convêm aos estudantes. Ele detém o poder. / Eles detêm o poder. Ele intervém em todas as aulas. / Eles intervêm em todas as aulas.

É facultativo o uso do acento circunflexo para diferenciar as palavras forma/ fôrma. Em alguns casos, o uso do acento deixa a frase mais clara. Veja este exemplo: Qual é a forma da fôrma do bolo?

Não se usa mais o acento agudo no u tônico das formas (tu) arguis, (ele) argui, (eles) arguem, do presente do indicativo dos verbos arguir e redarguir. Há uma variação na pronúncia dos verbos terminados em guar, quar e quir, como aguar, averiguar, apaziguar, desaguar, enxaguar, obliquar, delinquir etc. Esses verbos admitem duas pronúncias em algumas formas do presente do indicativo, do presente do subjuntivo e também do imperativo. Veja: a) se forem pronunciadas com a ou i tônicos, essas formas devem ser acentuadas. Exemplos: verbo enxaguar: enxáguo, enxáguas, enxágua, enxáguam; enxágue, enxágues, enxáguem. verbo delinquir: delínquo, delínques, delínque, delínquem; se forem pronunciadas com u tônico, essas formas deixam de ser acentuadas. Exemplos (a vogal sublinhada é tônica, isto é, deve ser pronunciada mais fortemente que as outras): verbo enxaguar: enxaguo, enxaguas, enxagua, enxaguam; enxague, enxagues, enxaguem. verbo delinquir: delinquo, delinques, delinque, delinquem; delinqua, delinquas, delinquam. Atenção: no Brasil, a pronúncia mais corrente é a primeira, aquela com a e i tônicos. Mudanças no alfabeto

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

11

O alfabeto passa a ter 26 letras. Foram reintroduzidas as letras k, w e y. O alfabeto completo passa a ser: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ As letras k, w e y, que na verdade não tinham desaparecido da maioria dos dicionários da nossa língua, são usadas em várias situações. Por exemplo: Na escrita de símbolos de unidades de medida: km (quilômetro), kg (quilograma), W (watt); na escrita de palavras e nomes estrangeiros (e seus derivados): show, playboy, playground, windsurf, kung fu, yin, yang, William, kaiser, Kafka, kafkiano.

CULTURAL INSIGHT Português no mundo

The Portuguese language is broken into two categories, European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese. We speak European Portuguese in Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, Cabo Verde (often incorrectly called Cape Verde), Timor-Leste, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé e Príncipe, and several regions in India, China, and parts of Africa. Brazilian Portuguese has the highest number of speakers, over 180 million, mostly located in Brazil. The Brazilian dialects have spread to the United States, Japan, Canada, Uruguay, South Africa, and many other countries.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #15 - EVERYT HI NG CHANGES I N PORT UGUES E

12

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #16 Evading the Issues in Portuguese

CONTENTS 2 3 4 5 5 6 7

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

16

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Leonardo:

Ei.

2.

Éli:

Ei. Como foi o encontro?

3.

Leonardo:

Ótimo. Bom, vou dormir, te amo.

4.

Éli:

O que? Espera! Não não não não não. É só isso que você vai falar comigo? Por favor. Então, você gosta dessa garota?

5.

Leonardo:

Tá complicado.

6.

Éli:

Então explica bem devagar. Eu capisco.

7.

Leonardo:

Bem, ela é muito bonita.

8.

Éli:

Muito bom. Continua.

9.

Leonardo:

E ela é muito ágil.

10.

Éli:

Eu não sei o que isso tem a ver mas continua.

11.

Leonardo:

E eu acho que ela me deixa exausto demais.

12.

Éli:

O que aconteceu? Vocês dançaram o tango?

13.

Leonardo:

Sim, sim, dançamos. Na verdade dançamos muito. O detalhe é que o Cesar me ensinou a parte feminina, então ficou um pouco mais difícil, como você pode imaginar. E falando nisso estou muito cansado, então, boa noite.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #16 - EVADING THE ISSUES IN PORTUGUESE

2

14.

Éli:

Ei! Por que você não conversa comigo?

15.

Leonardo:

Tá complicado, só.

16.

Éli:

Então tá. Se você não quiser falar comigo, então sugiro que você ache alguém com quem conversar.

ENGLISH 1.

Leonardo:

Hey.

2.

Éli:

Hey. How was the big date?

3.

Leonardo:

Great, fine, I'm going to go to bed. I love you.

4.

Éli:

What?! Wait! No, no, no, no, no. Is that all I get? Come on...So, do you like this girl?

5.

Leonardo:

It's complicated.

6.

Éli:

Well, explain it to me slowly. I'll catch up.

7.

Leonardo:

Well, she's a very beautiful girl.

8.

Éli:

Good. Keep going.

9.

Leonardo:

And she's very agile.

10.

Éli:

I'm not sure how that applies, but continue.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #16 - EVADING THE ISSUES IN PORTUGUESE

3

11.

Leonardo:

And I think she's too exhausting for me.

12.

Éli:

What happened? Did you guys tango?

13.

Leonardo:

Oh yeah, yeah, we tangoed. In fact, we tangoed quite a bit. There's the small detail though that Cesar taught me the woman's part, so it was a bit difficult, as one might expect. Speaking of which, I'm very tired, so good night.

14.

Éli:

Hey, why won't you talk to me?

15.

Leonardo:

It's complicated, that's all.

16.

Éli:

Fine. You don't want to talk to me, so I suggest you find someone to talk to.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

mentir

to lie

verb

contar

to tell, to recount

verb

conta

account

noun

durar

to last

verb

complicado

complicated

adjective

devagar

slow, slower

adverb

explicar

explain

verb

ágil

agile

adjective

cansativo

tiring, that which tires

adjective

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

Ge nde r

feminine

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #16 - EVADING THE ISSUES IN PORTUGUESE

4

conversar

converse, talk

verb

tango

tango

noun

imaginar

to imagine

verb

detalhe

detail

noun

masculine

masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES Meu pai falou que é feio mentir.

Eu quero que você me conte.

"My father said it was ugly to lie."

"I want you to tell me."

Você tem conta no HSBC?

Que seja infinito enquanto dure.

"Do you have an account with HSBC?"

"That it be infinite while it lasts."

Está tudo muito complicado.

Ela come bem devagar.

"Everything is so complicated."

"She eats very slowly."

O homem está explicando a idéia.

Ele era um motorista muito ágil.

"The man is explaining the idea."

"He was a very agile driver."

Esse trabalho é muito cansativo.

Pai e filho conversaram de homem para homem.

"This job is very tiring."

"Father and son talked man to man." Eles dançaram o tango.

Eu posso imaginar.

"They danced the tango."

"I can imagine." or "I'll bet."

Só tem um detalhe, ele não é daqui. "There's only one detail, he's not from here."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #16 - EVADING THE ISSUES IN PORTUGUESE

5

Por favor The literal translation is "by favor," and we know you've learned this word long ago to mean "please." This is a usage tip. Just as in English we can say "please," with that intonation unique to phrases like, "Please don't make me laugh," Portuguese can also use the word por favor in the same manner by manipulating the intonation.

Exaurir This word is a cognate for "exausted." what's interesting to note is that the verb to become exhausted is exaurir. Remember that the "x" here makes a "z" sound and not a "ks" sound.

Parte feminina The literal translation is "feminine part," but it could just as easily mean, "woman's part." Because the tango has two distinct parts, the man's part and the woman's part.

Como você pode imaginar The literal translation is "how you could imagine," but it means, "as you can imagine" or "as you might expect." Here the subjunctive is used to indicate uncertainty without any kind of obvious grammatical trigger. This is our tip. The subjunctive is used because the situation calls for it, not because the grammar calls for it.

Então tá bom. The literal translation is "then is good," but it means "then that's it." And because of the tone of voice, it's pretty obvious that she's pretty irritated. Então tá bom is a fairly neutral phrase, but because of her tone of voice, it took on a very final tone. Go away!

GRAMMAR The Focuses of this Lesson are Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, and Prepositions Bem, ela é muito bonita. "Well, she's very beautiful."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #16 - EVADING THE ISSUES IN PORTUGUESE

6

Now that we have examined the parts of an active sentence, let's look at the equative sentence. O Leonardo é mecanico. "Leonardo is a mechanic." You will recognize o Leonardo as the subject. In an equative sentence where the subject is someone's name, an article almost always precedes it. The verb in an equative sentence is called the linking verb, and it is usually a form of the verb ser. It links the two equal nouns together. Mecânico is called the predicate nominative. Predicate nominatives only appear in equative sentences. Equative sentences do not have direct or indirect objects. Notice how in English you must insert an "a" before "mechanic." In Portuguese you do not. However, if an adjective or adverb were to modify mecanico, for example, the adjective grande, then the indirect article um must be used. O Leonardo é um grande mecanico. "Leonardo is a great mechanic."

Adjectives The next phrase we'll look at is, O Leonardo é um mecânico hidráulico na Petrobras. These new elements are an adjective and a prepositional phrase. In natural Portuguese, a prepositional phrase will almost always follow, not precede, the predicate nominative. Equative sentences may also have adverbs. Examples from this lesson: 1.

É só isso que você fala comigo? "Is that all I get?"

2.

E ela é muito ágil. "And she's very agile."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #16 - EVADING THE ISSUES IN PORTUGUESE

7

Capisco? Portuguese is changing more and more. Every day there are new products, new places, new people, and therefore, new words. In the dialog, Éli said to Leo, Eu capisco. Capisco is an Italian word that means "I understand." This is an example of how Brazilians are more and more familiar with foreign things. Fifteen years ago, you probably wouldn't hear someone speak that way in a normal conversation. Today however, even the soap operas have words and phrases in English, Spanish, Italian, French, and if you pay close attention, you can even hear a bit of Japanese. All of this is being absorbed by Brazilians through the Internet, television, and media. Who knows where it will stop!

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #16 - EVADING THE ISSUES IN PORTUGUESE

8

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #17 Is That Brazilian Girl Into You?

CONTENTS 2 3 5 6 7 8 9

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

17

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Leonardo:

Me desculpe, maninha. Eu sei que eu estava meio evasivo, mas é porque eu...eu não quero mentir para você.

2.

Éli:

Por que você precisaria mentir pra mim?

3.

Leonardo:

Eu só preciso que você confie em mim e saiba que não tem nada a ver contigo.

4.

Éli:

Então, você quer que eu fique na minha. Entendi, não é da minha conta.

5.

Leonardo:

Não, não, não, não! Eu não estou dizendo isto, não tô. Eu simplesmente não quero criar uma sensação falsa de ânimo por um relacionamento que parece não ter futuro.

6.

Éli:

Não tem futuro? Por quê?

7.

Leonardo:

Porque ela não está me paquerando.

8.

Éli:

Ha! Eu vi como aquela menina olha pra você e pode crer, ela tá te paquerando sim.

9.

Leonardo:

Sério?

10.

Éli:

Não é da minha conta.

11.

Leonardo:

Tá, tá bom. Manda bala. O que você quer saber sobre a Lisa?

12.

Éli:

Sério?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #17 - IS THAT BRAZILIAN GIRL INTO YOU?

2

13.

Leonardo:

Anda logo, que esta oferta vai acabar logo.

14.

Éli:

Você gosta dela?

15.

Leonardo:

Sim.

16.

Éli:

Yay!

17.

Leonardo:

Nenhuma celebração desnecessária.

18.

Éli:

Desculpa, hmmm. Desculpa.

19.

Leonardo:

Que mais?

20.

Éli:

Só isso.

21.

Leonardo:

Só isso?

22.

Éli:

Sim, é só isso. Eu não preciso saber dos detalhes íntimos. Se você estiver feliz, é suficiente pra mim. Eu não quero te cutucar sobre o seu futuro e seu trabalho. Não quero ser a irmã chata...

23.

Leonardo:

Não não não! Você não é chata!

24.

Éli:

Mas eu sei que você é um cara tão maravilhoso. E às vezes eu acho que você não sabe disso.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #17 - IS THAT BRAZILIAN GIRL INTO YOU?

3

1.

Leonardo:

I'm really sorry, bro. I know that I've been kind of evasive. It's just that I...I just don't want to lie to you.

2.

Éli:

Why would you need to lie to me?

3.

Leonardo:

I just need you to trust me and know that it doesn't have anything to do with you.

4.

Éli:

But you want me to butt out. I get it; it's none of my business.

5.

Leonardo:

No! No, no, no! I'm not saying that, I'm not. I just don't want to create a false sense of excitement for a relationship that seems like it doesn't have a future.

6.

Éli:

Doesn't have a future? Why wouldn't it?

7.

Leonardo:

Because she's not into me.

8.

Éli:

Uhhh...I have seen the way that girl looks at you, and trust me, she is into you.

9.

Leonardo:

Really?

10.

Éli:

It's none of my business.

11.

Leonardo:

Okay no, okay fine. Go ahead. What do you want to know about Lisa?

12.

Éli:

Really?

13.

Leonardo:

You better hurry up. This offer will not last.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #17 - IS THAT BRAZILIAN GIRL INTO YOU?

4

14.

Éli:

Do you like her?

15.

Leonardo:

Yeah.

16.

Éli:

Yay!!!

17.

Leonardo:

No unnecessary excitement!

18.

Éli:

Sorry, sorry!

19.

Leonardo:

What else?

20.

Éli:

That's it.

21.

Leonardo:

That's it?

22.

Éli:

Yeah, That's it. I don't need to know the intimate details. As long as you are happy, that's enough for me. I don't want to nag you about your future and your job. I don't want to be the brother who pesters you.

23.

Leonardo:

No, no, no! You're not a pest!

24.

Éli:

I just know what an amazing guy you are. And sometimes I'm not so sure you know it.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

evitar

to avoid

verb

mentir

to lie

verb

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

Ge nde r

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #17 - IS THAT BRAZILIAN GIRL INTO YOU?

5

confiar

to trust

verb

contar

to tell, to recount

verb

conta

account

noun

simplesmente

simply

adverb

sensação

sensation

noun

feminine

enthusiasm

noun

masculine

oferta

offer

noun

feminine

crer

to believe

verb

durar

to last

verb

bala

bullet

noun

feminine

celebração

celebration

noun

feminine

chato

jerk, irritating

adjective

desnecessário

unnecessary

adjective

ânimo

excitement,

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES Vamos evitar aquele bar, OK?

Meu pai falou que é feio mentir.

"Let's avoid that bar, okay?"

"My father said it was ugly to lie."

Você pode confiar em mim.

Eu quero que você me conte.

"You can trust me."

"I want you to tell me."

Você tem conta no HSBC?

Eu simplesmente não quero!

"Do you have an account with HSBC?"

"I quite simply don’t want it."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #17 - IS THAT BRAZILIAN GIRL INTO YOU?

6

Este vídeo foi uma sensação.

O ânimo é necessário neste emprego.

"This video was a sensation."

"Enthusiasm is necessary in this line of work."

Esta oferta dura pouco.

Eu creio.

"This offer won't last long."

"I believe."

Que seja infinito enquanto dure.

Manda bala.

"That it be infinite while it lasts."

"Go for it."

O Carnaval é uma celebração muito

Meu chefe é chato.

grande.

"My boss is a jerk."

"Carnaval is a very big celebration." Esse stress todo era desnecessário. "All that stress was unnecessary."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Nada a ver The literal translation is "nothing to see" but it means "nothing to do with..." This is something Brazilians often confuse when they are writing because the sounds are so similar. Ficar na minha The literal translation is "stay in mine." but it means "mind my own business." This is another idiomatic expression. Não é da sua conta The literal translation is "this isn't of the your account." but it means "it's none of your business." This is another idiomatic expression. This one is typically pretty negative and can be offensive.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #17 - IS THAT BRAZILIAN GIRL INTO YOU?

7

Pode crer The literal translation is "can believe" but it means "you'd better believe it." This is another idiomatic expression. In another sense it can also mean, "For sure!" Manda bala The literal translation is "send bullet" but it means "go ahead" or "go for it." Bem devagar The literal translation is "well to slow" or "well slowing" but it means "very slowly". Bem translates to "well" most of the time but sometimes it can be used to mean "very." It's an intensifier of sorts, and works just like muito.

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is the True Imperative and the Subjunctive Eu só preciso que você confie em mim e saiba que não tem nada a ver contigo. "I just need you to trust me and know that it doesn't have anything to do with you."

The command form is the same as the subjunctive. The subjunctive is always used for commands, except for in the second person (tu and vós) when used as an affirmative command. In this case (and only this), you will use what is called the true imperative. The affirmative commands for tua and vós are the same as the indicative forms for tu and vós without the final -s. Such command forms are called the true imperative. Indicative

True Imperative

Singular (tu)

falas

fala

Plural (vós)

falais

falai

Speaking of the subjunctive, you should be aware that many times a construction using the subjunctive would be clumsier than an alternate construction using the infinitive. For example: Subjunctive Vou chorar até que volte. – "I will cry until you come." O senhor vai pedir ao seu chefe para que ele lhe dê a promoção? – "Will you sir, ask your

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #17 - IS THAT BRAZILIAN GIRL INTO YOU?

8

boss to give you the promotion?" Antes de que nós saiamos… – "Before it is that we leave..." É importante que você fale com ele. – "It is important that you speak with him." Non-Subjunctive Vou chorar até você voltar. – "I will cry until you return." O senhor vai pedir ao seu chefe par ter a promoção? – "Will you ask your boss for the promotion?" Antes de sairmos… – "Before we leave..." É importante você falar com ele… – "It's important you speak with him..." In English we usually use the -ing form of the verb as an object of a preposition, whereas in Portuguese, the infinitive, often the personalized infinitive, is regularly used. For example: Antes de sairmos… – "Before leaving/before we leave" A importância de conhecer a família… – "The importance of meeting the family…" The infinitive may function as a noun. For example: Ver é crer. – "Seeing is believing." O pôr do sol. – "The setting of the sun" or "The sunset" The infinitive is occasionally used as a mild, very polite command. For example: Passar bem. – "Take it easy." (idiomatic) Use the true imperative form when addressing a deity in affirmative commands. For example: Abençoa-nos – "Bless us." Guia-nos – "Guide us." Ajuda-nos – "Help us." Use the subjunctive form when addressing a deity in negative commands For example: Não esqueças de nós. - "Don't forget us." não nos abandones. – "Don't abandon us."

CULTURAL INSIGHT PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #17 - IS THAT BRAZILIAN GIRL INTO YOU?

9

She's into you...

Paquerar is different than namorar. Namoro is often translated as "dating," but it's often quite a bit more than just dating. Paquera comes before namoro and usually describes that period when two people are in "like" with each other. You can also call people meu paquera or minha paquera to refer to someone that you like. This isn't quite a namorado(a), but it's something that's progressing in that direction. Paquera is usually the fun, playful stage of getting to know someone you find interesting. Namoro is what comes after that, and marriage comes after that.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #17 - IS THAT BRAZILIAN GIRL INTO YOU?

10

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #18 Do You Concur in Portuguese?

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 6 7

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

18

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Aline:

O governador de São Paulo foi re-eleito.

2.

Mariana:

E nesta sexta-feira teremos uma nova reportagem sobre o vulcão no Uruguai.

3.

(transition music)

4.

Aline:

Então Mariana, essa semana o Gilberto Soares foi re-eleito governador de São Paulo pela terceira vez.

5.

Mariana:

Sim, durante o seu governo o projeto Tietê Limpo finalmente teve êxito, depois de trinta anos de trabalho.

6.

Aline:

Também, no início do seu governo, o governador Soares decretou que a metade do salário de todos os funcionários públicos do estado que ganham R$10,000 por mês ou mais, fosse usado para finalizar o projeto Limpo Tietê.

7.

Mariana:

Ainda, demitiu 40% dos políticos do estado e deteve quase 20% deles por alegações de corrupção. Além disso usou o salário desses políticos no financiamento do projeto.

8.

Aline:

O tema dele é - "Nós é quem somos paulistas”

9.

Mariana:

Muito patriota ele.

10.

Aline:

Sim ele é. Mas será que ele está limpando o Tietê mesmo, heim?

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #18 - DO YOU CONCUR IN PORTUGUESE?

2

1.

Aline:

The governor of São Paulo was re-elected.

2.

Mariana:

And this Friday we'll have a new report about the volcano in Uruguay.

3.

[transition music]

4.

Aline:

So Mariana, this week Gilberto Soares was re-elected the governor of São Paulo for the third time.

5.

Mariana:

Yes, during his government the project "Limpo Tietê" finally has success, after thirty years of work.

6.

Aline:

Also, at the beginning of his term, Governor Soares decreed that half of the salary of every state public employee who makes R $10,000 per month or more, would be used to finalize the project.

7.

Mariana:

He also fired forty percent of the state politicians and arrested nearly twenty percent of those because of allegations of corruption. He also used their salaries in the financing of the project.

8.

Aline:

His theme was - "We are the ones who are paulistas."

9.

Mariana:

He's very patriotic.

10.

Aline:

Yes, he is. But I wonder, is he really cleaning the Tietê?

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

governador

governor

noun

masculine

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #18 - DO YOU CONCUR IN PORTUGUESE?

3

constar

to include

verb

reportagem

report

noun

feminine

vulcão

volcano

noun

masculine

Uruguai

Uruguay

noun

masculine

apoio

support

noun

masculine

êxito

success

noun

masculine

político

politician

noun

masculine

salário

salary

noun

masculine

demitir

to discharge, to fire, to dismiss

verb

desviar(-se)

to divert, to leave,

verb

bolso

pocket

noun

masculine

alegação

allegation

noun

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES O governador foi reeleito. "The governor was re-elected."

Nossa reportagem consta o desaparecimento de milhões de reais. "Our report includes the disappearance of millions of reals."

Nossa reportagem consta o desaparecimento de milhões de reais.

Eu nunca escalei um vulcão. "I've never climbed a volcano."

"Our report includes the disappearance of millions of reals." Uruguai tem um vulcão muito grande.

Nosso plano teve êxito.

"Uruguai has a very large volcano."

"Our plan was a success."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #18 - DO YOU CONCUR IN PORTUGUESE?

4

Políticos são desonestos; faz parte.

Eu preciso de um aumento de salário.

"Politicians are dishonest; that's life."

"I need a raise in salary."

Eu fui demitido!

O navio desviou-se da sua rota.

"I was fired!"

"The ship was diverted from it's course."

Guardo meu celular no meu bolso.

São muitas as alegações contra ela.

"I keep my cell in my pocket."

"The allegations against her are many."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Teve êxito The literal translation is "had success," but it's usually interpreted to mean "was successful." Remember that the "x" here makes a "z" sound and not a "ks" sound. Será que The literal translation is, "will be that," but it roughly means, "I wonder." Será que is usually used in an impersonal sense, so it isn't necessarily linked to a person. For example, Será que eles já se foram? could be translated as, "Could it be that they have already left?" Funcionário público The literal translation is, "public employee," but a funcionário público is a special kind of government employee that is usually concursado. Concursado means they took a really hard test, and since they got a high score on the test, they got the job. A funcionário público usually receives a very high wage, and because they are government positions, they almost never lose their jobs. Remember that it's funcionário, not funccionário. Deter The literal translation is "to retain," but it means, "to detain" or "to arrest." Now, I'm not a lawyer or a policeman, so there is probably a specific definition for the word, but to keep it simple, deter means "the police got them." A polícia deteve o principal suspeito do crime. - "The police detained the crime's principal suspect."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #18 - DO YOU CONCUR IN PORTUGUESE?

5

Remember that this verb ends in -ter, so it follows the conjugation pattern for the verb ter ou seja, deteve, not deteu.

GRAMMAR The focus of this lesson is as concórdâncias entre o substantivo e o verbo e o infinitivo pessoal. Também, no início do seu governo, o governador Soares decretou que a metade do salário de todos os funcionários públicos do estado que ganham R$10,000 por mês ou mais, fosse usado para finalizar com o projeto Limpo Tietê. "Also, at the beginning of his term, Governor Soares decreed that half of the salary of every state public employee who makes R$10,000 per month or more, would be used to finalize the project."

A common error made by foreigners, even by nearly fluent speakers of Portuguese like Braden, is improper concordância. These errors can be understandable (sometimes), but they are not correct. In Portuguese, however, concordância must occur with every change of person and number. More importantly, concordância must match reality. If you are talking about a group of people and the actions they took, you need to use the plural forms of the verbs. If you are talking about a friend, you need to use the third person singular. If you are talking to your girlfriend, you need to use você third person singular. That said, concordância in Portuguese can be much more complicated than that. 1.

Para onde eles vai? "To where they goes?"

2.

Eu gostar cajá. "I like cajá."

Brazilians are often mocked by the Portuguese because the more complicated verb conjugations, like tu and vós, are no longer used in Brazilian Portuguese. But while things like Nós vai' are most commonly said by illiterate Brazilians, the vast majority of Brazilians conjugate verbs correctly. Silepse Many years ago, during some disputes between Brazil and Portugal, Alberto Santos-Dumont, a Brazilian and inventor of the French airplane, went before the Portuguese government to

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #18 - DO YOU CONCUR IN PORTUGUESE?

6

speak on behalf of Brazil. He started his speech with the phrase Nós é, and then he paused, at which the assembly burst into laughter. He had just proven all their prejudices about Brazilians in just two words. Once the laughter died down, he continued, Nós é quem somos, brasileiros. This is an example of a silepse, or a sentence where an unexpected concordância is made. Because he started with nós, the expected verb should be in the first person plural, or -mos. So, his é sounds very wrong, but his unexpected use of quem directly after creates a second subject for the sentence and therefore a second possibility for concordância. In Portuguese, quem is a singular subject and so requires that verbs that concordam with it be conjugated to the singular form, ou seja, é. In other words, the nós agrees with the somos and the quem agrees with the é. Santos-Dumont did this on purpose to trick the Portuguese and prove a point. Silepse = http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silepse 1.

Nós é quem somos brasileiros. "We are who we are, Brazilians."

2.

O gaúcho é forte. Não fogem da luta. "The gaúcho is strong. They don't run from a fight."

3.

Tu, ele, e eu fomos ao cinema. "You, he, and I went to the movies."

Examples From This Lesson

1.

Sim, durante o seu governo o projeto Tietê Limpo finalmente teve êxito, depois de trinta anos de trabalho. "Yes, during his government, the project Limpo Tietê finally has success, after thirty years of work."

CULTURAL INSIGHT O Jornal Nacional

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #18 - DO YOU CONCUR IN PORTUGUESE?

7

O Jornal Nacional is a Brazilian news program that plays every night at eight-thirty, Rio time. They travel the world reporting the good, the bad, and the shocking about Brazil and the world. They recently completed a week-long mini-report about the use of crack in Brazil and how it is devastating families and weighing heavily on Brazil's economy. O Jornal Nacional is one of the longest-standing news programs in Brazil. It began in 1969 and was the first news program to be broadcast nationwide. It has a long history of tailoring its reporting to the Brazilian public. O Jornal Nacional is the most-watched Brazilian news program and is an excellent place to study Brazilian perspectives and keep up to date on Brazilian news and politics.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #18 - DO YOU CONCUR IN PORTUGUESE?

8

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #19 A Spectacular Show of Portuguese Fireworks

CONTENTS 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

19

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Lisa:

Uma noite de Marlon?

2.

Marlon:

Sim. Essa noite terá três partes. A primeira, janta.

3.

Lisa:

E o que vamos jantar?

4.

Marlon:

Uma coisinha gostosa chamada bobó de camarão.

5.

Lisa:

Uh...

6.

Marlon:

É isso aí. Vamos encher o bucho com tanto camarão que até as focas terão inveja.

7.

Lisa:

Wow! Essa noite vai ser o bafo, né?

8.

Marlon:

E é só o começo. Em seguida, vamos assistir ao maior filme de kung fu de todos os tempos.

9.

Lisa:

Sério? Qual é?

10.

Marlon:

Kung Fu Panda 2.

11.

Lisa:

Uauauauaua!

12.

Marlon:

Gostou dessa, né? Tem mais, viu? A terceira e última parte tá aqui na minha mochila.

13.

Leonardo:

Ah é? Deixa-me ver. Peraí Marlon, eu pensei que você tinha parado com essas coisas.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #19 - A SPECTACULAR SHOW OF PORTUGUESE FIREWORKS

2

14.

Marlon:

Bem, o papai precisa de um ânimo na vida, tá?

15.

Leonardo:

Marlon! Você sabe como eu me sinto sobre estas coisas. Fogos são muito perigosos!

16.

Marlon:

Quer saber, para vencer seu medo, você precisa abraçá-lo.

17.

Leonardo:

Prefiro abraçar a Lisa. Sem fogos, e sem hospital!

ENGLISH 1.

Lisa:

A night of Marlon?

2.

Marlon:

Yes. This night will have three acts. Act one, dinner.

3.

Lisa:

What are we having?

4.

Marlon:

A little delicacy called shrimp bobó.

5.

Lisa:

Uh?

6.

Marlon:

That's right, we're going to pack our bellies so full of shrimp that you'll make a seal jealous.

7.

Lisa:

Wow! That sounds like quite a night.

8.

Marlon:

And that's just the beginning. Afterward, we'll watch the greatest kung fu movie of all time!

9.

Lisa:

Oh really? Which is?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #19 - A SPECTACULAR SHOW OF PORTUGUESE FIREWORKS

3

10.

Marlon:

Kung Fu Panda 2.

11.

Lisa:

Hahahahah!

12.

Marlon:

Yeah, you liked that one. There's more, okay. The third and final act is here in my backpack.

13.

Leonardo:

Oh really? Let me see. Wait a second, Marlon. I thought you were off this stuff.

14.

Marlon:

Yeah well, daddy needs some excitement in his life, okay.

15.

Leonardo:

Marlon! You know how I feel about these things. Fireworks are very dangerous!

16.

Marlon:

You know what, to overcome fear, one must embrace fear.

17.

Leonardo:

I'd rather embrace her. No fireworks and no hospital.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

camarão

shrimp

noun

masculine

foca

fur seal

noun

feminine

fogos de artifício

fireworks

noun

masculine

preferir

to prefer

verb

janta

dinner

noun

feminine

noun

masculine

noun

masculine

bobó bucho

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

stomach, belly

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #19 - A SPECTACULAR SHOW OF PORTUGUESE FIREWORKS

4

seguido

followed

adjective

kung fu

kung fu

noun

masculine

fogos

fireworks

noun

masculine

alimentar

to feed

verb

abraçar

to hug

verb

parte

part

noun

feminine

inveja

envy

noun

feminine

mochila

backpack

noun

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES No almoço, eu comi torta de camarão.

A foca está rodando o bambolê.

"At lunch, I ate shrimp pie."

"The seal is spinning hula hoops."

Meu cachorro tem medo do barulho dos

Você prefere suco de cajá ou de

fogos de artifício.

goiaba?

"My dog is afraid of the noise of fireworks."

"Do you prefer cajá or guava juice?"

A janta será às vinte horas.

Ela faz um bobó de camarão delicioso.

"Dinner will be at eight o'clock."

"She makes a delicious shrimp bobó."

Vamos encher o bucho.

Eles foram seguidos até em casa.

"We're going to fill our bellies."

"They were followed home."

Eu sei kung fu.

Vamos soltar fogos?

"I know kung fu."

"Let's set off some fireworks?"

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #19 - A SPECTACULAR SHOW OF PORTUGUESE FIREWORKS

5

Você precisa alimentar o seu medo.

Eu posso te abraçar?

"You need to feed your fears."

"May I hug you?"

Essa noite terá três partes.

Essa mulher vai me matar de inveja.

"Tonight will have three parts."

"I'll die of envy because of this woman."

Está tudo aqui na minha mochila. "It's all here in my backpack."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Jantar vs. comer a janta The literal translation is "to eat dinner," but it means, "to dine." What we wanted to point out here is that Brazilian Portuguese can express the idea of eating dinner a few ways. The preferred way is by using the verb jantar, which means "to eat dinner." This is preferred to the phrase comer a janta because of cultural reasons. To a Brazilian, comer a janta sounds a bit vulgar, while jantar sounds educated.

Bobó de camarão This doesn't have a literal translation, other than the unhelpful, "Shrimp bobó." However, bobó de camarão is a thick soup made from cooked and pureed manioc with coconut milk and shrimp. It's fantastic!

O bafo The literal translation is "the breath" with a strong connotation of "bad breath," but in this sense, it's a Rio street slang. I have never heard anyone say this in real life (I don't live in Rio), but I have heard it quite few times on TV. On a related note, but not really, for those of you who remember Popeye, the character "Black Pete" is called João bafo-de-onça or "John jaguar-breath."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #19 - A SPECTACULAR SHOW OF PORTUGUESE FIREWORKS

6

Kung fu I think most of us already know at least a little bit about kung fu. This is a pronunciation tip. The phrase is pronounced "koongi foo."

Uauauauauauaua This is one way Brazilians write laughter in text. You'll see it often in text messaging and mostly on sites like Facebook and Twitter.

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is aceitáveis. Depois, vamos assistir o maior filme de kung fu de todos os tempos. "Afterward, we'll watch the greatest kung fu movie of all time!"

There are some things in Portuguese that you should always do! 1.

Always use a double negative in Portuguese. - Não fiz nada not não fiz

2.

Always use the preposition de after gostar.

3.

Always use a with the phrase daqui a pouco. It's never daqui em pouco.

4.

Always use um with milhão (um milhão de dólares).

5.

Always use com with sonhar and preocupar-se. (sonhei com você ontem. Não se preocupe com isso.)

6.

Always distinguish between estranho and estrangeiro. Uma língua estranha means "weird language." Uma língua estrangeira means "a foreign language."

7.

Always be mindful of deceptive cognates: realizar is not used to translate, "I didn't realize that she was so ill." Ordinário is not used to translate, "I'm just an ordinary person." Atender is not used to translate, "I plan to attend BYU."

8.

Always distinguish between calor (a noun) and quente ( an adjective).

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #19 - A SPECTACULAR SHOW OF PORTUGUESE FIREWORKS

7

9.

Always use em after entrar. In English, we say, "They entered the room," but in Portuguese, it must be "entrararm na sala" (entraram em+a sala).

10.

Always use cinto for belt. (cinta means girdle.)

11.

Always use bolso for pocket. (bolsa means purse.)

12.

Always think of faltar in the sense of "something is lacking to someone." In English, the phrase is. "I lack one book." But in Portuguese it is, "one book is lacking to me." (falta-me um livro.) There is no need to use falto or faltamos in this sense.

13.

Always use de after depois unless depois is the last word of the sentence or if it comes before a comma.

14.

Always translate "he was given..." as foi-lhe dado or recebeu.

15.

Always take great care with the past participles of matar and morrer. ("He was killed," which means, foi morto) ("He died," which means, ele morreu) ("He has been killing a lot of people," which means, ele tem matado muita gente) ("Many people have been dying," whch means, Muita gente tem morrido.) ("He was dead," which means, Ele estava morto.)

16.

Always use the imperfect subjunctive after pensei when you admit that your previous idea was wrong. (pensei que ele estivesse aqui ontem mas me enganei - "I thought he was here yesterday, but I was wrong.").

17.

Always make sentir reflexive when describing how you feel. Sinto-me contente aqui.

18.

Always use the definite article with a definite time. As sete horas da manhã. But, de manhã cedinho.

19.

Always distinguish between procurar ("to look for") and buscar ("to go get," or "retrieve").

CULTURAL INSIGHT Fireworks

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #19 - A SPECTACULAR SHOW OF PORTUGUESE FIREWORKS

8

Fireworks in Brazil are very common. You'll hear them being shot off at any random time of the day, but they tend to happen more frequently during times of celebration. I'm from a very dry climate, which means brush fires are very easy. Back home, fireworks are illegal, except around the 4th of July, and even then, in contained areas. Since most of Brazil is tropical, the risk of some kind of brush fire is pretty rare. Fireworks are a common form of entertainment in Brazil and are even found in the Novelas. In Brazil every evening, Globo broadcasts novelas, which are one of the most important aspects of TV in Brazil. There are novelas every hour from five o'clock to nine o'clock, with a short break at eight-thirty for the Jornal Nacional, or National News. In the novela Insensato Coração, fireworks are frequently shown. This show was being created around the time that gay unions were given the same legal rights as a married couple in Brazil. The song "Firework" has a gay couple kissing as part of the climax of the video clip, and it was used as the theme music for the gay couple portrayed in the novela.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #19 - A SPECTACULAR SHOW OF PORTUGUESE FIREWORKS

9

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #20 Do You Have a Brazilian Driver's License?

CONTENTS 2 3 4 4 5 6 8

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

20

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Patrícia:

Então Lílian, o que eu preciso fazer para tirar a carteira de motorista?

2.

Lílian:

Bem, tudo aqui é muito fácil. A única coisa que vai levar tempo é a tradução da sua carteira de motorista estrangeira.

3.

Patrícia:

Eu mesma posso fazer?

4.

Lílian:

Não, precisa ser uma tradução juramentada.

5.

Patrícia:

E o que é isso?

6.

Lílian:

Uma tradução juramentada somente pode ser feita por um tradutor público. Quando eles fazem uma tradução juramentada o efeito é de transformar essa tradução em um documento legal, que pode ser usado em processos judiciais e instituições públicas.

7.

Patrícia:

Por exemplo, como tirar a habilitação?

8.

Lílian:

Exatamente. Você precisou de uma tradução dessa quando foi realizar seu pedido de permanência no país, lembra?

9.

Patrícia:

Lembro sim. Eu lembro também de algo de junta.

10.

Lílian:

huh?

11.

Patrícia:

Tipo o lugar onde eu fui para encontrar a tradutora, foi na junta.

12.

Lílian:

Ah tá! Quer dizer na junta comercial?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE A BRAZILIAN DRIVER'S LICENSE?

2

13.

Patrícia:

Isso!

ENGLISH 1.

Patrícia:

So Lílian, what do I need to do to get a driver's license?

2.

Lílian:

Well, everything here is very easy. The only thing that will take some time is the translation of your foreign driver's license.

3.

Patrícia:

Can I do it myself?

4.

Lílian:

No, it needs to be a notarized translation.

5.

Patrícia:

And what is that?

6.

Lílian:

A notarized translation can only be done by a public translator. When they create a notarized translation, it has the effect of turning the translation into a legal document that can be used in court cases and government institutions.

7.

Patrícia:

For example, like getting your driver's license?

8.

Lílian:

Exactly. You needed one of these translations when you started your request for permanency in the country, remember?

9.

Patrícia:

Yes, I remember. I also remember something about a joint?

10.

Lílian:

Huh?

11.

Patrícia:

Like the place where I went to meet the translator was at a joint.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE A BRAZILIAN DRIVER'S LICENSE?

3

12.

Lílian:

Oh ok! You mean the Commerce Center?

13.

Patrícia:

That's it!

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

carteira

wallet

noun

feminine

público

public, audience

noun

masculine

qualification

noun

feminine

tradução

translation

noun

feminine

tradutor

translator

noun

masculine

estrangeiro

foreigner

noun

masculine

instituição

institution

noun

feminine

permanência

permanence

noun

feminine

meeting

noun

feminine

motorista

driver

noun

both

comercial

commercial

adjective

habilitação

junta

driver's license,

joint, place of

SAMPLE SENTENCES Minha carteira esta no meu bolso.

O público aplaudiu o cantor.

"My wallet is in my pocket."

"The audience applauded the singer."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE A BRAZILIAN DRIVER'S LICENSE?

4

Eu acho que perdi minha habilitação.

Você precisará de uma tradução juramentada.

"I think I lost my driver's license."

"You'll need an oathed translation." Eu quero ser um tradutor.

Eles todos são estrangeiros.

"I want to be a translator."

"All of them are foreigners."

Esta faculdade é uma instituição

Seu pedido de permanência foi negado.

educacional de grande tradição.

"Your request for permanency was

"This college is an educational institution

rejected."

of grand tradition." Vamos encontrar na Junta Comercial.

Minha mãe é uma excelente motorista.

"Let's meet at the Commerce center."

"My mother is an excellent driver."

Onde fica a área comercial? "Where is the commercial area?"

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Tradução juramentada The literal translation is "oathed translation," but it means something closer to "notarized translation." A tradução Juramentada can only be made by a public translator. When a public translator makes a tradução juramentada, it authorizes their document to be used in legal processes, like getting a driver's license.

O efeito é de tornar The literal translation is "the effect is of to become," but it means "the effect is to turn." And here, the "turn" is used in the sense of "to turn into" or to "change into something."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE A BRAZILIAN DRIVER'S LICENSE?

5

Tradutor público The literal translation is "public translator." A public translator is someone who has been officially authorized by the government to translate legal documents and make traduções juramentadas. They can be found at the junta comercial.

Junta comercial The literal translation is "commercial junction," but it means "Center of Commerce" or "Bureau of Commerce." This is a place where governmentally authorized professionals can be found to perform services, such as translators.

Tirar a habilitação The literal translation is "take an ability," but it means get a "driver's license." The driver's license is sometimes called an habilitação because officially the driver's license is called the carteira de habilitação. The carteira de habilitação is an official document that confirms that you have the ability, or habilitação, to drive a vehicle.

De junta The literal translation is "of joint," but here it's a bit of word play. Junta comes from the verb juntar, which means "to gather." And there is a Brazilian joke here about junta tudo e joga fora. So when he asked about de junta, her mind turned to this expression about gathering everything together and throwing it out.

Pedido de permanência The literal translation is "request for permanency," which is also what it means. This is how the polícia federal refers to an application to become a legal permanent resident of Brazil. Often an "application" to receive things like legal status, free merchandise, or even tech support is called a pedido.

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is particípios passados irregulares e regulares

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE A BRAZILIAN DRIVER'S LICENSE?

6

Uma tradução juramentada somente pode ser feita por um tradutor público. "A notarized translation can only be done by a public translator."

Many verbs in Portuguese have both a regular and irregular past participle. A general rule to follow is to use the regular past particple with the verbs ter and haver and the irregular past participle with ser and estar. For example: 1.

Tenho entregado as encomendas. "I have been delivering the orders."

2.

A encomenda está entregue. "The order is delivered."

Verb

English

Regular participle

Irregular participle

aceitar

"to accept"

aceitado

aceito

entregar

"to deliver"

entregado

entregue

cativado

cativo

"to capture;" cativar

"captivate" "to release;" "set

soltar

free"

soltado

solto

salvar

"to save"

salvado

salvo

gastar

to spend;" "waste"

gastado

gasto

ganhar

"to win;" "gain"

ganhado

ganho

expulsar

"to expel"

expulsado

expulso

matar

"to kill"

matado

morto

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE A BRAZILIAN DRIVER'S LICENSE?

7

imprimir

"to print"

imprimido

impresso

extinguir

"to extinguish"

extinguindo

extinto

fritar

"to fry"

fritado

frito

eleger

"to elect"

elegido

eleito

suspender

"to suspend"

suspendido

suspenso

prender

"to imprision"

prendido

preso

surpreender

"to surprise"

surpreendido

surpreso

acender

"to light"

acendido

aceso

fixar

"to affix"

fixado

fixo

secar

"to dry"

secado

seco

sujeitar

"to subject"

sujeitado

sujeito

suspeitar

"to suspect"

suspeitado

suspeito

enxugar

"to dry"

enxugado

enxuto

CULTURAL INSIGHT Driver's License

Habilitação Nacional is how you say "driver's license" in Brazilian Portuguese. Instead of being state based, the habilitação nacional is issued by the federal government and is valid anywhere in the country. Foreigners who come from specific countries (the list currently includes the US and the EU and several other countries) do not need to purchase special permits for tourist travel in Brazil. All that is needed is a tradução juramentada of your driver's license and your original driver's license to be with you at all times. A tradução juramentada can be purchased from a tradutor público. All tradutores públicos can be found through the

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE A BRAZILIAN DRIVER'S LICENSE?

8

junta Comercial or Commerce center found in each city. The price varies from state to state but is usually about sixty Brazilian reals per page. If you plan on spending more than six months in Brazil, then you can transfer your foreign driver's license to Brazil and receive a habilitação nacional. The total cost for all the documents necessary (including a tradução juramentada) totals about three-hundred Brazilian reals or less.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE A BRAZILIAN DRIVER'S LICENSE?

9

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #21 Doing the Honorable Thing in Brazil

CONTENTS 2 3 5 6 7 8 10

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

21

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Marlon:

Já sei, o Leonardo não está, né?

2.

Éli:

Se tornou de praxe aqui.

3.

Marlon:

Sim, nem me conte.

4.

Éli:

Eu não acredito que o Leo fugiu assim. Sabe, eu só queria que ele achasse uma menina ótima e ele finalmente achou e agora eu nunca o vejo.

5.

Marlon:

Sabe, talvez devêssemos sentar com ele e forçá-lo a terminar com a Lisa. Sabe, dar um fora nela. Quem precisa dela?

6.

Éli:

Marlon...

7.

Marlon:

Tô brincando...quase.

8.

Éli:

Não é que não esteja feliz por ele, é só que sinto a falta dele.

9.

Marlon:

Entendo. O Leonardo passou por uns tempos difíceis. Foi expulso da USP e aí a ex- terminou com ele. Sabe, você o ajudou através de tudo aquilo. E ninguém sabe disso melhor que ele.

10.

Éli:

Obrigada, Marlon. Como estão as coisa na loja?

11.

Marlon:

Oh, horrorosas, obrigado. O gerente colocou uma competição de vendas e estou em último lugar. Se eu não vender algo logo, ele vai me demitir.

12.

Éli:

Então o que você vai fazer?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #21 - DOING THE HONORABLE THING IN BRAZIL

2

13.

Marlon:

A mesma coisa que sempre faço, ser demitido.

14.

Éli:

Mas...?

15.

Marlon:

A verdade é que o Leo e eu sempre reclamamos das coisas no Carrefour e como é chato o trabalho lá. Então, amanhã vou falar com o meu chefe e fazer a única coisa que posso.

16.

Éli:

E o que é?

17.

Marlon:

O que qualquer guerreiro como Bruce Lee faria. Me matar.

18.

Éli:

O que?

19.

Marlon:

Me demitir.

20.

Éli:

Ou seja, pedir demissão?

21.

Marlon:

É, parece que soa melhor assim, né?

22.

Éli:

Ai ai, Marlon...

ENGLISH 1.

Marlon:

Let me guess, Leonardo is not here, right?

2.

Éli:

That is becoming common around here.

3.

Marlon:

Yeah, tell me about it.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #21 - DOING THE HONORABLE THING IN BRAZIL

3

4.

Éli:

I can't believe Leonardo would just bail on me like that. You know, all I wanted was for him to meet a great girl, and he finally did, and now I never see him.

5.

Marlon:

You know what, maybe we should sit him down and force him to break up with Lisa. You know, dump her completely. Who needs her?

6.

Eli:

Marlon...

7.

Marlon:

Kidding...kinda.

8.

Éli:

It's not that I'm not happy for him. I just miss him.

9.

Marlon:

No, I get it. Leonardo has been through some tough times. Getting kicked out of USP, and his ex breaking up with him. You know...you got him through all that. And no one knows that better than he does, believe me.

10.

Éli:

Thanks, Marlon. How are things at work?

11.

Marlon:

Oh horrible, thanks for asking. There's this sales competition, and I'm pretty much last. If I don't sell some things soon, I'm going to get fired.

12.

Éli:

So what are you going to do?

13.

Marlon:

Same thing I always do—get fired.

14.

Éli:

But...?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #21 - DOING THE HONORABLE THING IN BRAZIL

4

15.

Marlon:

Truth is that Leonardo and I always complain about how boring Carrefour is. So, tomorrow I am going to go up to my boss and do the only thing I can.

16.

Éli:

And what's that?

17.

Marlon:

Well, what any warrior like Bruce Lee would do. Kill myself.

18.

Éli:

What?

19.

Marlon:

Fire myself.

20.

Éli:

You mean resign?

21.

Marlon:

Yeah, okay, that sounds better, I guess.

22.

Éli:

My word, Marlon.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

acreditar

to believe

verb

achar

find

verb

através

through

preposition

gerente

manager

noun

demitir

demissão

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

to discharge, to fire, to dismiss dismissal, dismission,

Ge nde r

masculine, feminine

verb

noun

feminine

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #21 - DOING THE HONORABLE THING IN BRAZIL

5

espada

sword

noun

feminine

praxe

custom, habit

noun

feminine

finalmente

finally

adverb

terminar

to finish

verb

dever

must

verb

forçar

to force

verb

dever

duty

noun

horroroso

horrible

adjective

competição

competition

noun

feminine

guerreiro

warrior

noun

masculine

reclamar

to complain, to reclaim

masculine

verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES Tem muitas coisas em que eu acredito, mas isso não é uma delas.

Eu não consigo achar meus óculos. "I can't find my glasses."

"There are lots of things that I believe, but that is not one of them." A bala passou através do teto. "The bullet went through the ceiling."

O gerente da fábrica está dando instruções. "The factory manager is giving instructions."

Eu fui demitido!

Como pedir demissão.

"I was fired!"

"How to ask for dismissal."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #21 - DOING THE HONORABLE THING IN BRAZIL

6

Esgrima é um esporte que utiliza

É praxe dar um presente a quem faz

espadas.

anos.

"Fencing is a sport that uses swords."

"It’s customary to give presents to people on their birthdays."

Eu finalmente cheguei. "I finally arrived."

Eu termino o trabalho às oito da noite, então eu te encontro às nove no restaurante. "I finish work at eight PM, so I'll meet you at nine at the restaurant."

Ele deve me obedecer.

Eles não podem me forçar.

"He must obey me."

"They can't force me."

Eu tenho um dever para com a senhora.

Este emprego é horroroso.

"I have a duty to you, ma'am."

"This job is horrible."

Terá uma competição nesta sexta-feira.

Ele foi um guerreiro até o fim.

"There's a competition this Friday."

"He was a warrior until the end."

Eu vou reclamar à chefe. "I will complain to the boss."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE De prache The literal translation is, "of custom," but it means, "as is custom." You'd use this like, Eu escrevi no diário das oito às oito e meia, como de praxe.

Não me conta

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #21 - DOING THE HONORABLE THING IN BRAZIL

7

The literal translation is, "no me tell," but it means, "tell me about it," in that sarcastic kind of way. This is another idiomatic expression.

Dar um fora nela The literal translation is, "to give an out on her," but it means, "get rid of her" or "tell her to get lost."

Terminar The literal translation is, "to terminate," but in this context, it means, "to dump."

Horrososas The literal translation is, "horribles," but it means, "horrible." In Portuguese, adjectives can be plural, but in English, they can't, so the plurality is lost. And why is it feminine? because here horrorosas is referring to coisas na loja.

No último lugar This might appear to mean, "in the ultimate place," but it means, "in last place." Usually with this phrase, the no is almost inseperably connected to the úlitmo, making the pronunciation seem like núltimo.

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is os inaceitáveis. Sabe, talvez deveríamos sentar com ele e forçá-lo a terminar com a Lisa. "You know what, maybe we should sit him down and force him to break up with Lisa."

There are some things in Portuguese you should NEVER DO!

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #21 - DOING THE HONORABLE THING IN BRAZIL

8

1.

Never use a preposition between tentar and the following infinitive, and likewise, for dever. Eu vour tentar fazer isso. - "I'll try to do it." Ele deve estudar mais.- "He should study more."

2.

Never use cada dia to mean "every day." The correct form is todos os dias, or todo o dia, or todo dia.

3.

Never use the verb ser with contente. Estou contente, sou feliz or estou feliz.

4.

Never use um with mil.

5.

Never ask what time something happened with As que horas. The expression is A que hora o A que horas.

6.

Never forget that prepositions are not always the same for Portuguese and English. "On foot" is not em pé, rather, a pé. Em pé means "standing up," as does de pé.

7.

Never confuse direct and indirect object pronouns. Vou escrever-lhe uma carta. Vou telefornar-lhe amanhã.

8.

Never pronounce falaram and falarão the same way. A final am is pronounced just like ão. The am, however, is not stressed.

9.

Never say fui nascido. "I was born" is simply nasci.

10.

Never use tenho falado (the present perfect) for a completed action in the past. "I have already spoken with him" is Eu já falei com ele. The present perfect has a special meaning in Portuguese. Tenho falado com ele means, "I have been speaking with him."

11.

Never translate "not always" as não sempre. Always use nem sempre.

12.

Never use mais grande or mais pequeno. Instead, use maior and menor.

13.

Never assume that a word is feminine just because it ends in "a." There are many exceptions: o mapa, o sistema, o programa, o problema, o poema, o telefonema, o papa. o idioma.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #21 - DOING THE HONORABLE THING IN BRAZIL

9

14.

Never translate, "She is getting more and more beautiful." as Ela está ficando mais e mais bonita. The idiom is cada vez mais.

15.

Never use anything but the "o" form of the past participle after the verb ter: Eles tinham feito as lições.

16.

Never say Vamos ir, but vamos; Ele vai vir, but Ele vem.

17.

Never pronounce an "m" between com and a following vowel. The final "m" simply nasalizes the preceding "i, o, u." A nasal diphthong is created when "m" follows a final "a" or a final "e."

18.

Never use assistir ("to attend a meeting") without the preposition a. Vou assistir a uma reunião. ("I'm going to attend a meeting")

CULTURAL INSIGHT Demitidos! Demitir is how you say "to be fired" in Portuguese. Foi queimado ("get fired") makes no sense. Brazilians also use this verb when they quit a job because of how Brazilian labor laws work, which are very complex. For example, the employer could wait for the person to quit and not have to pay the the required benefits, but this rarely happens because those same labor laws protect the employee even if he isn't doing his job. Or an employee could stop coming to work, but unless the employer officially fires him, the employer is legally obligated to continue paying the employee's salary. Usually Brazilians say vou pedir demissão, to mean, "I'm going to quit." Every so often, in high ranking and important positions, the person will resignar sua posição.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #21 - DOING THE HONORABLE THING IN BRAZIL

10

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #22 Small Talk, Portuguese Style

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 5 5 6

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

22

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Thyago:

O senhor vai para Porto Alegre, não é?

2.

Pedro:

Não. Eu ia, mas agora eu vou para o Rio.

3.

Thyago:

Por quê? O que é que aconteceu?

4.

Pedro:

Bom, o meu chefe me telefonou ontem à noite.

5.

Thyago:

E daí?

6.

Pedro:

Eles precisam de alguém lá na seção de vendas.

7.

Thyago:

Vai ver que eu vou acabar indo para Porto Alegre!

8.

Pedro:

Pois é, né. Bem, eu acho que estão chamando o meu voo.

9.

Thyago:

Ah tá. Tenha um ótimo voo, senhor.

10.

Pedro:

Obrigado jovem! Igualmente.

ENGLISH 1.

Thyago:

You're going to Porto Alegre, right, sir?

2.

Pedro:

No. I was going to, but now I'm going to Rio.

3.

Thyago:

What for? What happened?

4.

Pedro:

Well, my boss called me last night.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #22 - SMALL TALK, PORTUGUESE STYLE

2

5.

Thyago:

So?

6.

Pedro:

They need someone in sales there.

7.

Thyago:

You'll see that I'll end up going to Porto Alegre!

8.

Pedro:

That's how it is, isn't it? Well, I think they're announcing my flight.

9.

Thyago:

Oh, okay! Have a great flight, sir!

10.

Pedro:

Thank you, young man! You too.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

seção

section

noun

feminine

telefonar

to call, to telephone

verb

acabar

to finish, to end, to run out

verb

chamar

to call

verb

senhor

sir, mr., lord

adjective

para

to, for

preposition

acontecer

to happen

verb

chefe

boss, chief, head

noun

alguém

someone

indefinite pronoun

igualmente

equally,

adverb

precisar

to need

verb

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

masculine

masculine

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #22 - SMALL TALK, PORTUGUESE STYLE

3

voo

flight

noun

masculine

SAMPLE SENTENCES Tem várias seções nesse livro. "There are various sections in this book."

Você poderia telefonar a minha esposa pra lhe dizer que vou atrasar um pouco por causa da reunião? "Could you telephone my wife to tell her I'll be late because of the meeting?"

Acabou o açúcar.

Eu me chamo Maria.

"The sugar ran out."

"I am called Maria."

Senhor, você precisa de uma ajuda?

Este presente é para você.

"Sir, do you need some help?"

"This present is for you."

A passagem para Rio Branco é

O que é que aconteceu?

sessenta reais.

"What happened?"

"The ticket to Rio Branco is sixty reals." Todos no escritório usam terno, exceto o chefe.

Meu chefe é muito legal. "My boss is very cool."

"Everyone at the office wears a suit, except the boss." Sara, alguém tá te chamando.

Alguém bateu em minha porta.

"Sara, someone is calling you."

"Someone knocked on my door."

Obrigado jóvem. Igualmente.

Você precisa de ajuda?

"Thank you young man. To you as well."

"Do you need help?"

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #22 - SMALL TALK, PORTUGUESE STYLE

4

Esses voos estão com preço ótimo.

Seu voo está atrasado.

"These flights are at a great price."

"Your flight is late."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE O que é que The literal translation is, "what is that?" but it means, "what is it that?" This is a colloquial use of the word que and could just as easily be left out, but Brazilians often say it. Ontem à noite The literal translation is, "yesterday at the night," but it means "last night" or "yesterday night." This is a simple phrase. We just wanted to point out that the a has a crase. It isn't just "a." Lá na secão de vendas The literal translation is, "there in the sales section," but in a normal English sentence, this would probably just be "in sales." Obviously this man works in a store, but it doesn't sound like he's a vendor. Notice that it's not seccão de vendas but secão de vendas. Acabar indo The literal translation is, "to end going," but it means "to end up going." In the dialogue, we translated it as, "I'll end up going to Porto Alegre as well."

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is o uso do 'que.' O que é que aconteceu? "What happened?"

The word que may be used in a variety of ways. Familiarization with these functions of que can help clarify the meaning of some otherwise difficult constructions. Que may be used as: 1. Noun. - A lição tem um quê de difícil. 2. Filler. (You may take it out without affecting the meaning.) - Que saudades que tenho. (que

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #22 - SMALL TALK, PORTUGUESE STYLE

5

saudades eu tenho) Enquanto que ele disse isso... 3. Relative pronoun. - O lápis, que me deu, é bom. 4. Interrogative Adjective. - Que horas são? 5. Interrogative Pronoun. - Que dizes? 6. Adverb. - Que bom! (Quão bom!) 7. Preposition. - Tenho que fazer isso. (Tenho de fazer isso.) 8. Interjection. - Que! Você foi aprovado?! 9. In place of quanto. - Que beleza! (quanta) 10. Introducing elliptical phrases. - Que seja feliz! Que deus te abençoe. 11. In place of Porque. - Não chores meu filho, que a vida é luta renhida. 12. In place of e - Outro, que não eu, poderá falar com mais eloquencia. 13. In place of do que. - João é mais bonito que Pedro. 14. In place of Para que. - Pedi que ele viesse. 15. Subordinate conjunction. - Eu sei que ele foi professor. 16. In place of quando. - Eram cinco horas que dali partimos. 17. In place of senão. - A força dos argumentos não conÉlitia em outro fundamento que no crédito de seu nome. 18. In place of se. - Não fui eu que quebrei o copo, mas que fosse, que teria você com isso? 19. In place of ainda que. - Gosto de goiabas, por verdes que estejam. (ainda que estejam verdes.) 20. In place of ou - Irei a Santos, quer chova quer não chova.

CULTURAL INSIGHT Small Talk

Everywhere you go in Brazil, except maybe for Curitiba, people will probably be very talkative, and you'll constantly be engaged in small talk. Brazilian small talk is not much different than small talk anywhere else. It's usually about whatever is currently around the speakers and happens to be a point of interest to both of them. Almost every time I get on the bus, I end up talking to someone about something. Usually it's nothing particularly important, but it's almost always a pleasant conversation.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #22 - SMALL TALK, PORTUGUESE STYLE

6

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #23 A Delicate Portuguese Question

CONTENTS 2 3 4 5 5 6 11

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

23

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Cesar:

Ei Leonardo, eu poderia falar contigo?

2.

Leonardo:

Ei, sim. Que bom te ver aqui. O que você manda?

3.

Cesar:

Eu esperava falar-te a respeito de Éli. (nervous)

4.

Leonardo:

Sim, sim. Claro.

5.

Cesar:

Sabe, desde que comecei a namorar com a tua irmã, eu penso em ti como o irmão que eu nunca tive.

6.

Leonardo:

Você não tem dois irmãos?

7.

Cesar:

É vero, mas tu pareces alguém que tem a sabedoria dos antigos em tempos turbulentos e agora é um daqueles tempos. Estou muito confuso, bro.

8.

Leonardo:

Ok, continua.

9.

Cesar:

Eu não sei como expressar isso exatamente. Oh wow, tá mais difícil que eu pensei.

10.

Leonardo:

Tá bom. Estou ouvindo.

11.

Cesar:

Certo, eu tenho pensado muito sobre o estado das coisas entre eu e a tua irmã e tu és o homem na família de Éli... Então eu estava pensando...será que posso ter tua permissão para...Posso me casar com a Éli?

12.

Leonardo:

Wow!

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

2

13.

Cesar:

Isto é sim?

14.

Leonardo:

Desculpa! Sim! Sim! Eu não estava esperando que você iria...falar isso! Sim, você tem meu consentimento.

15.

Cesar:

Obrigado! Preocupo-me muito sobre isto há tempo. Obrigado mesmo irmão! Ha! Daqui a pouco poderei falar isto literalmente.

ENGLISH 1.

Cesar:

Hey Leonardo, could I talk to you?

2.

Leonardo:

Hey yeah. Great to see you. What's on your mind?

3.

Cesar:

I was hoping I could talk to you about Éli. (nervous)

4.

Leonardo:

Yeah, yeah of course...

5.

Cesar:

You know, ever since I started dating your sister, I think of you as the brother I never had.

6.

Leonardo:

Don't you have two brothers?

7.

Cesar:

Indeed, but you seem like someone who can offer sage wisdom at turbulent times, and this is one of those times. I am really confused, bro.

8.

Leonardo:

Okay, go on.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

3

9.

Cesar:

I don't really know how to put this into words really. Oh man, this is harder than I thought.

10.

Leonardo:

Okay, I'm listening.

11.

Cesar:

Right well, I've been thinking a lot about the way things are between me and your sister and you're the man in Éli's family. So I was wondering...could I have your permission to...can I marry Éli?

12.

Leonardo:

Wow!

13.

Cesar:

Is that a yes?

14.

Leonardo:

Sorry! Yes, yes. I just wasn't expecting that you'd...say that. Yes, you have my blessing.

15.

Cesar:

Thank you! I've been worried about this for a long time. Thank you so much, bro. Ha! in a bit I'm going to mean that literally.

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

casar-se

to marry

verb

bênção

blessing

noun

feminine

sabedoria

wisdom

noun

feminine

turbulento

turbulent

adjective

confuso

confused

adjective

expressar

to express

verb

momento

moment

noun

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

Ge nde r

masculine

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

4

permissão

permission

noun

literalmente

literally

adverb

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES Vou me casar em maio!

É uma bênção ter vocês aqui.

"I'm getting married in May!"

"It's a blessing to have you here."

A sabedoria dos antigos

Estes dias foram muito turbulentos.

"sage wisdom"

"These days were very turbulent."

Ele está tão confuso.

Ele lia e expresava-se muito bem.

"He is so confused."

"He read and expressed himself very well."

Ele foi expressar seus sentimentos para

Neste momento, estou muito cansado.

ela.

"At this moment, I'm too tired."

"He went to express his feelings to her." Preciso da permissão da patroa para

Esta redação foi traduzida literalmente.

fazer aquilo.

"This essay was translated literally."

"I need my wife's permisson to do that."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Que bom te ver aqui The literal translation is, "that good you see here," but it means, "It's good to see you here." O que mandas? The literal translation is, "what do you order?" or "what are your orders?" But it means, "what do you need?" The interesting part here is that mandar is conjugated to the tu form, which is

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

5

rare in Brazilian Portuguese. This is done partially to be funny and light-hearted, as well as kind. Bro This is slang, so there's no literal translation. But it's a slang from the English "brother" and used in the same way too. Consentimento The literal translation looks like it should be "with feeling," but it actually means "blessing" in the sense of, "You have my blessing." Braden has never heard this phrase used in any other context. Irmão The literal translation is "brother," but here's it's a slang just like the "bro" before it.

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is português de Portugal (differences between Brazilian and Portugal Portuguese) Mas tu pareces alguém que tenhas a sabedoria do antigos em tempos turbulentos e agora é um daqueles tempos. "But you seem like someone who can offer sage wisdom at confusing times, and this is one of those times."

Pronunciation Differences

A final l and r are pronounced slightly different, as if they were being said in the Portuguese alphabet; that is, ending in a pronounced "e." Among certain people, it is quite distinguishable, while among others, it is less so or not at all. Examples: Portugal(e), Amor(e), Choupal(e), brasil(e), Cantor(e) Vowels found between two consonants in the first syllable of a word are often phased out. For example:

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

6

Portugal(e) often sounds like P'rtugal(e) Belém sounds like B'lém Verdade sounds like v'rdade Words beginning with es usually drop the e, and the s becomes a shS sound. Sometimes the c also can take on the sound of a "schwa." Examples: estava - shtava or eshtava Espanha - eshpanha or eshpanha In certain words, a final s will also take on a "sh" sound. Examples: mas - mesh (the e also becomes a "schwa") Vós - vósh Português - P'rtuguesh os - osh (the o becoming "oosh" or "ush") Three pronunciations of the letter "r." 1.

Just like a Brazilian "r"

2.

Glottal (in the throat) - usually an initial r or double (rr), this being the most common; a single r in the middle of a word would receive a single tap

3.

Roll all of them

In European Portuguese, the d and t are always pronounced as they would be in English. A common phonomenon in speech is the trading of b and v. The further north you travel, the more distinct it is. An alfacinho (a person from Lisboa) never does it, but a tripeiro (one from O Porto) is very distinct. Examples: vaca - baca avião - abião Vão - bão banana - vanana boneca - voneca baile - vaile

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

7

Grammar Differences

Present and Past Progressive is formed by using respectively either the present tempo or the preterit or imperfect form of estar plus the infinitive. The tu and nós forms are an integral part of continental Portuguese, making it imperative that you be familiar with them. It is used in families, among relatives, prayers, scriptures, children to children, adults to children, close friends, with animals, etc. 1.

Eu estou a estudar. "I am studying."

2.

Eu estava a dormir. "I was sleeping."

3.

Ele esteve a cantar. "He was singing."

English

Brazil

Portugal

"rich"

rico

fascista

"farm"

fazenda

quinta ou sítio

"shady character"

malandro

aldrabão

"to plan"

planejar

planear

"line"

fila

bicha

"dog"

cachorro

cão (zinho)

"bathroom"

banheiro

casa de banho

"pineapple"

abacaxi

ananás

"bus stop"

parada

paragem

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

8

"young lady"

moça

rapariga, minina outocarro, camionete

"bus"

ônibus

(between cities)

"train"

trem

comboio

"highway"

via

auto estrada

"butcher"

açougue

talho

"butcher"

açougueiro

carniceiro, talheiro

"turn"

dobrar

virar

"chicken meat"

galinha

frango

"menu"

cardápio

ementa

"I'm broke"

estou liso (estou duro)

estou téso (estou duro)

"suit"

terno

fato

"fact"

fato

facto

"cool" (slang)

bacana (xique)

porreiro(a), giro(a)

"is everything okay"

tudo bem?(!)

(tudo) fixe

"friendly greeting"

oi!

olá!

"to register"

registrar

registar

"record"

registro

registo

"a ride"

carona

boleia

"ground floor"

andar-térreo

res-do-chão

"basement"

sub-solo

cave

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

9

"excuse"

com licença (da licença)

da-me licença

"please"

por favor (faz favor)

faz o favor (flash favor)

"ice cream"

sorvete

gelado

"ice cream shop"

sorveteria

gelataria

"dishes"

louça

loiça

"bull"

touro

toiro

"nickname"

apelido

alcunha

"last name"

sobrenome

apelido

"here"

aqui

cá, aqui

"pillow"

o travesseiro

a almofada

"red"

vermelho

encarnado"

"brown"

marron

castanho

"grey"

cinzento

cinza

"soap"

sabonete

sabão

"breakfast"

café da manhã

pequeno almoço

"sandwich"

o sandwiche

o sandes

"a cold"

a gripe, resfriado

a constipação

"guitar"

o violão

a viola, guitarra

"high school"

o colégio

o licéu

"grade school"

escola primária

o colégio

"baptism"

batismo

baptismo

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

10

"baptize"

batizar

baptizar

"rent"

aluguel

aluguer

"grass"

a grama

a relva

"city hall"

a prefeitura

a câmara o falano. gajo (used only by

"fellow" or "chap"

o sujeito

men)

"juice"

suco, sumo

sumo

"sport"

esporte

desporto

"cup" (to measure)

xícara

chávena

"cancer"

câncer

cancer

Politeness

A very polite way of addressing a woman (not young ladies) is by using Dona if you don't use her name. Also, when speaking to the lady of the house and you know her first name, you'll call her Dona X (adding her first name). For example: Dona Maria

CULTURAL INSIGHT Asking Her Hand in Brazil

PortuguesePod101.com doesn't officially support any religion or political view. That said, we do suggest that you be at least familiar with the Bible, preferably in Portuguese. Besides the fact that the Portuguese Bible is frequently held up as the example of correct Portuguese,

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

11

Brazil is over seventy percent Catholic, and it has been that way for five-hundred years. Most of Brazilian culture either stems from or is a reaction to Catholic teachings. Ignoring the Bible while studying Brazilian culture is like ignoring Athena while studying Athens or ignoring the Dali Lama while studying about Tibet. Keep your mind open so you don't end up believing something you don't want to, but be aware that most Brazilians believe the Bible implicitly and can quote parts of it unconsciously, not unlike how many Chinese people can quote Confucius. This is even more important for those of you dating a Brazilian girl. Even if she isn't particularly active in the Catholic church, you can bet that most of her family will be. And if you want to understand why your Brazilian boyfriend has that strange habit, chances are part of the answer can be found in Catholicism and in the Bible.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #23 - A DELICATE PORTUGUESE QUESTION

12

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #24 A Strange Place for a Brazilian Wedding Ring

CONTENTS 2 4 6 7 8 9 11

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Vocabulary Phrase Usage Grammar Cultural Insight

#

24

COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Leonardo:

Então caras, onde está o anel de casamento da minha irmã?

2.

Zé:

Leo, não sabemos do que você está falando.

3.

Leonardo:

Ontem à noite, alguém entrou na loja e levou minha mochila. Nessa mochila estava o anel de casamento da minha irmã que eu estava guardando para o César, para minha irmã não achar.

4.

Zé:

Que azar. Esperamos que você o encontre.

5.

Leonardo:

Ta bom menino, ha ha! Muito engraçado. Agora podemos pegar o anel? O Cesar planeja fazer o pedido em algumas horas e ele precisa daquele anel.

6.

Zé:

Se soubéssemos de alguma coisa, quanto isto valeria pra você?

7.

Leonardo:

Já chega. Cara, podemos fazer isto da maneira fácil ou da maneira difícil.

8.

Lessandro:

Qual é a maneira difícil?

9.

Zé:

Fique quieto Lessandro.

10.

Leonardo:

Olha só, eu assisti à gravação de segurança. E sei que vocês dois o fizeram.

11.

Zé:

É mesmo?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

2

12.

Leonardo:

A parte engraçada é que vocês gênios pensaram que estavam desligando as câmeras de segurança, mas ao invés disso, vocês as ligaram. Agora, eu não vou falar nada para o seu chefe, eu prometo. Só me fala onde está o anel de casamento da minha irmã.

13.

(pause for effect)

14.

Zé:

Nunca vamos falar nada.

15.

Leonardo:

Tá bom. Então, eu vou chamar o seu chefe.

16.

Lessandro:

Espera! Foi a ideia dele!

17.

Zé:

O que! A razão por que entramos aqui foi porque você queria uma cópia do novo jogo que a loja recebeu.

18.

Leonardo:

E como isso envolve minha mochila?

19.

Zé:

Você é o chefe do departamento de eletrônicos. Que outro lugar teria para algo tão valioso assim?

20.

Leonardo:

Talvez o cofre?

21.

Lessandro:

Viu, eu te disse que estava no cofre!

22.

Zé:

Disse nada!

23.

Leonardo:

Tá tá tá. Acalmem-se. Eu entendo completamente e até simpatizo com vocês. E eu não vou julgar vocês, só me falem o que aconteceu com o anel da minha irmã? Por favor, não me falem que vocês o defenestraram, né?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

3

24.

Zé:

Vamos precisar de um pouco de compensação antes de te dizer qualquer coisa.

25.

Leonardo:

Tá bom, então vamos lá pegar o chefão.

26.

Zé:

Espera, espera! Está na area de cozinha, no terceiro micro-ondas do lado direito.

27.

Leonardo:

Obrigado caras! Tenham um ótimo dia!

ENGLISH 1.

Leonardo:

Okay, guys, where's my sister's wedding ring?

2.

Zé:

Leo, we don't know what you are talking about.

3.

Leonardo:

Last night, someone came into the store and took my backpack. This bag has my sister's wedding ring in it, which I was keeping for Cesar so my sister wouldn't find it.

4.

Zé:

That's so unfortunate. We hope you find it.

5.

Leonardo:

Okay, guys, ha ha! So funny. Now can we please get the ring? Cesar is planning on popping the question in a few hours, and he needs that ring.

6.

Zé:

If we did know something, what would that be worth to you?

7.

Leonardo:

That's enough. Guys, we can do this the easy way or the hard way.

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

4

8.

Lessandro:

What's the hard way?

9.

Zé:

Be quiet, Lessandro.

10.

Leonardo:

Look, I saw the surveillance tape. I know you two did it.

11.

Zé:

Yeah, right.

12.

Leonardo:

The funny part is that you geniuses thought you were turning the cameras off, but instead you turned them back on. Now, I won't say anything to your boss, I promise. Just tell me where my sister's engagement ring is.

13.

(pause for effect)

14.

Zé:

We'll never tell.

15.

Leonardo:

Okay, I'll just go get the boss.

16.

Lessandro:

Wait. It was his idea!

17.

Zé:

What! The whole reason we sneaked in was because you wanted a copy of the new video game the store got.

18.

Leonardo:

And how does that involve my bag?

19.

Zé:

You're the head of the electronics department. Where else would something that valuable be?

20.

Leonardo:

Maybe in the safe?

CONT'D OVER PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

5

21.

Lessandro:

See? I told you it was in the safe!

22.

Zé:

No you didn't!

23.

Leonardo:

Okay, okay, okay...calm down. I totally understand, and I sympathize with you, okay? and I don't judge. Just tell me what happened to my sister's ring. Please don't tell me you threw it out the window.

24.

Zé:

We're going to need a little compensation before we tell you anything.

25.

Leonardo:

Okay, well let's just go get the boss man.

26.

Zé:

Wait, wait! It's in the kitchen area, third microwave on the right.

27.

Leonardo:

Thank you guys! Have a great day!

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

Ge nde r

engraçado

funny

adjective

masculine

desligar

turn off

verb

anel

ring

noun

masculine

razão

reason

noun

feminine

uísque

whiskey

noun

masculine

maneira

way

noun

feminine

gênio

genius

noun

masculine

infectar

to infect

verb

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

6

invés

instead

noun

alcoóatra

alcoholic

noun

doença

sickness

noun

injusto

unjust, unfair

adjective

simpatizar

to sympathize

verb

julgar

to judge

verb

compensação

compensation

noun

masculine

feminine

feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES O homem engraçado está dançando sem as calças.

As crianças desligaram a força. "The children turned off the power."

"The funny man is dancing without pants." Ela gosta muito daquele anel.

Você tem toda a razão.

"She likes that ring very much."

"You are completely right."

dose de uísque

Eu não sei a maneira para concertar o problema.

"shot of whiskey"

"I don't know the way to fix the problem." Einstein foi um gênio.

Ele nos infectou.

"Einstein was a genius."

"He infected us."

Preferiu ficar na cidade ao invés de

A alcoólatra não saiu do bar.

viajar no feriado.

"The alcoholic didn't leave the bar."

"She preferred to stay in the city instead of traveling on the holiday."

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

7

O alcoólatra sofre muito.

Tem tantas doenças no mundo.

"The alcoholic suffers much."

"There are so many sicknesses in the world."

Vocês estão sendo muito injusto

Simpatizava muito com a sua nora.

comigo.

"She sympathized much with her daughter-

"You are all being very unfair to me."

in-law."

Eu não julgo ninguém.

Vamos precisar de uma compensação.

"I won't judge anyone."

"We're going to need some compensation."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE Fazer o pedido The literal translation is "make the question," but it's a bit more like "pop the question." Pedido is really any type of request, and in this case, it would be a request for marriage.

Anel de casamento The literal translation is "ring of marriage," but it means "wedding ring" and, depending on the person, is probably the same ring as the "engagement ring." Most Brazilians use just one ring for the engagement and wedding. Meu The literal translation is "my," but here it's a shortened form of the phrase meus amigos. This is used in a casual, friendly way in order to get them to tell him where the ring was.

Fique quieto The literal translation is "stay quiet," but it means "be quiet." Notice how the command form is used. And the stem change.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

8

Defenestrar The literal translation is "to throw out the window," which is also what it means. This is not a daily use word. I've only heard it twice. Once while playing in a vocabulary game, and the other while listening to someone describe some old laws that prohibit throwing waste out of a window on specific days of the week.

Envolver Envolver means "to involve," and it's used here to mean "to be involved" in their scheme. The tip here is the pronunciation and the spelling. It's envolver not "involver."

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is A nova ortografia e o uso do hifen. Está na area de cozinha, no terceiro micro-ondas do lado direito. "It's in the kitchen area, third mircowave on the right."

As this topic concerns intricate aspects of Portuguese, these lesson notes will be provided only in Portuguese. Uso do hífen Algumas regras do uso do hífen foram alteradas pelo novo Acordo. Mas, como se trata ainda de matéria controvertida em muitos aspectos, para facilitar a compreensão dos leitores, apresentamos um resumo das regras que orientam o uso do hífen com os prefixos mais comuns, assim como as novas orientações estabelecidas pelo Acordo. As observações a seguir referem-se ao uso do hífen em palavras formadas por prefixos ou por elementos que podem funcionar como prefixos, como: aero, agro, além, ante, anti, aquém, arqui, auto, circum, co, contra, eletro, entre, ex, extra, geo, hidro, hiper, infra, inter, intra, macro, micro, mini, multi, neo, pan, pluri, proto, pós, pré, pró, pseudo, retro, semi, sobre, sub, super, supra, tele, ultra, vice etc. 1. Com prefixos, usa-se sempre o hífen diante de palavra iniciada por h. Exemplos: antihigiênico anti-histórico co-herdeiro macro-história mini-hotel proto-história sobre-humano super-homem ultra-humano Exceção: subumano (nesse caso, a palavra humano perde o h). 2. Não se usa o hífen quando o prefixo termina em vogal diferente da vogal com que se inicia o segundo elemento. Exemplos: aeroespacial agroindustrial anteontem antiaéreo antieducativo autoaprendizagem autoescola autoestrada autoinstrução coautor coedição

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

9

extraescolar infraestrutura plurianual semiaberto semianalfabeto semiesférico semiopaco Exceção: o prefixo co aglutina-se em geral com o segundo elemento, mesmo quando este se inicia por o: coobrigar, coobrigação, coordenar, cooperar, coo peração, cooptar, coocupante etc. 3. Não se usa o hífen quando o prefixo termina em vogal e o segundo elemento começa por consoante diferente de r ou s. Exemplos: anteprojeto antipedagógico autopeça autoproteção coprodução geopolítica microcomputador pseudoprofessor semicírculo semideus seminovo ultramoderno Atenção: com o prefixo vice, usa-se sempre o hífen. Exemplos: vice-rei, vicealmirante etc. 4. Não se usa o hífen quando o prefi - xo termina em vogal e o segundo elemento começa por r ou s. Nesse caso, duplicam-se essas letras. antirrábico antirracismo antirreligioso antirrugas antissocial biorritmo contrarregra contrassenso cosseno infrassom microssistema minissaia multissecular neorrealismo neossimbolista semirreta ultrarresistente. ultrassom. 5. Quando o prefixo termina por vogal, usa-se o hífen se o segundo elemento começar pela mesma vogal. Exemplos: anti-ibérico anti-imperialista anti-infl acionário anti-infl amatório auto-observação contra-almirante contra-atacar contra-ataque micro-ondas micro-ônibus semi-internato semi-interno 6. Quando o prefixo termina por consoante, usa-se o hífen se o segundo elemento começar pela mesma consoante. Exemplos: hiper-requintado inter-racial inter-regional subbibliotecário super-racista super-reacionário super-resistente super-romântico Atenção: Nos demais casos não se usa o hífen. Exemplos: hipermercado, intermunicipal, superinteressante, superproteção. Com o prefixo sub, usa-se o hífen também diante de palavra iniciada por r: sub-região, sub-raça etc. • Com os prefixos circum e pan, usase o hífen diante de palavra iniciada por m, n e vogal: circum-navegação, pan-americano etc. 7. Quando o prefixo termina por consoante, não se usa o hífen se o segundo elemento começar por vogal. Exemplos: hiperacidez hiperativo interescolar interestadual interestelar interestudantil superamigo superaquecimento supereconômico superexigente superinteressante superotimismo 8. Com os prefixos ex, sem, além, aquém, recém, pós, pré, pró, usa-se sempre o hífen. Exemplos: além-mar além-túmulo aquém-mar ex-aluno ex-diretor ex-hospedeiro ex-prefeito ex-presidente pós-graduação pré-história pré-vestibular pró-europeu recém-casado recémnascido sem-terra 9. Deve-se usar o hífen com os sufixos de origem tupi-guarani: açu, guaçu e mirim. Exemplos: amoré-guaçu, anajá-mirim, capim-açu. 10. Deve-se usar o hífen para ligar duas ou mais palavras que ocasionalmente se combinam, formando não propriamente vocábulos, mas encadeamentos vocabulares. Exemplos: ponte Rio-Niterói, eixo Rio-São Paulo.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

10

11. Não se deve usar o hífen em certas palavras que perderam a noção de composição. Exemplos: girassol madressilva mandachuva paraquedas paraquedista pontapé 12. Para clareza gráfica, se no final da linha a partição de uma palavra ou combinação de palavras coincidir com o hífen, ele deve ser repetido na linha seguinte. Exemplos: Na cidade, conta- -se que ele foi viajar. O diretor recebeu os ex- -alunos. Resumo Emprego do hífen com prefixos Regra básica Sempre se usa o hífen diante de h: anti-higiênico, super-homem. Outros casos 1. Prefixo terminado em vogal: .• Sem hífen diante de vogal diferente: autoescola, antiaéreo. .• Sem hífen diante de consoante diferente de r e s: anteprojeto, semicírculo. .• Sem hífen diante de r e s. Dobram-se essas letras: antirracismo, antissocial, ultrassom. .• Com hífen diante de mesma vogal: contra-ataque, micro-ondas. 2. Prefixo terminado em consoante: .• Com hífen diante de mesma consoante: inter-regional, sub-bibliotecário. .• Sem hífen diante de consoante diferente: intermunicipal, supersônico. .• Sem hífen diante de vogal: interestadual, superinteressante. Observações 1. Com o prefixo sub, usa-se o hífen também diante de palavra iniciada por r sub-região, subraça etc. Palavras iniciadas por h perdem essa letra e juntam-se sem hífen: subumano, subumanidade. 2. Com os prefixos circum e pan, usa-se o hífen diante de palavra iniciada por m, n e vogal: circum-navegação, pan-americano etc. 3. O prefixo co aglutina-se em geral com o segundo elemento, mesmo quando este se inicia por o: coobrigação, coordenar, cooperar, cooperação, cooptar, coocupante etc. 4. Com o prefixo vice, usa-se sempre o hífen: vice-rei, vice-almirante etc. 5. Não se deve usar o hífen em certas palavras que perderam a noção de composição, como girassol, madressilva, mandachuva, pontapé, paraquedas, paraquedista etc. 6. Com os prefixos ex, sem, além, aquém, recém, pós, pré, pró, usa-se sempre o hífen: exaluno, sem-terra, além-mar, aquém-mar, recém-casado, pós-graduação, pré-vestibular, próeuropeu.

CULTURAL INSIGHT Bebendo no Brazil

The two loves of the majority of the Brazilian man are first: soccer, and second: beer. Which isn't all that different from men in other countries. In the US, you just change soccer for either

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

11

football or basketball, and the list stays the same. That said, Brazilians don't usually drink to get drunk. They drink for relaxation and pleasure. Which is very different from the reason my college friends drank, although for them it was pretty fun. Drinking beer helps Brazilians relax the same way coffee helps them wake up. But, at least to most of my Brazilian family, they may drink two or three beers a day—one for lunch, one in the afternoon, and maybe one just before bed. Not to get drunk or escape from their pains, but because that's just what they drink. That and soft drinks. As odd as this may sound, buying a six-pack of beer in Brazil is actually cheaper than buying a six-pack of bottled water, which is sometimes as much as twice as expensive.

PORTUGUESEPOD101.COM

UPPER INTERMEDIATE S1 #24 - A STRANGE PLACE FOR A BRAZILIAN WEDDING RING

12

LESSON NOTES

Upper Intermediate S1 #25 A Portuguese Post-Party Debrief

CONTENTS 2 2 3 4 6 9

Portuguese English Vocabulary Sample Sentences Grammar Cultural Insight

#

25

COPYRIGHT © 2016 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PORTUGUESE 1.

Diego:

Cê tá bom, cara? Tomou um porre na festa da Malu ontem, heim? Como é que cê tá?

2.

Enemar:

Tô com uma ressaca do tamanho de um bonde. Fiquei com a cara cheia e agora tô muito mal. Puxa! Dessa vez eu dancei mesmo. Não tá mole não... O que é que cê achou da turma, heim?

3.

Diego:

Turma legal aquela. Comes e bebes a rodo. A festa foi boa de mais, né?

4.

Enemar:

É. Achei o maior barato. Fiquei paquerando uma prima da Beth, a Tânia. Que gatinha! Diz que o velho dela tem mó grana. Mas o papai aqui é gente fina, não é besta, não, e deu uma de inocente.

5.

Diego:

Ah, é? Ó brow, cê sabe o nome daquela gata que pintou lá pelas onze com aquele cara de Paranaguá? Aquele filinho de papai que é chato pra caramba? Preciso dar um jeito para conhecer ela, mas tive que vazar cedo.

6.

Enemar:

Por incrível que pareça, acabei pegando uma carona com eles logo depois, porque eu tava duro e não dava pra pegar um buzão. Ela vai à festa na casa do Luiz nessa sexta feira. Se você quiser, pinta lá na casa dele lá pelas onze.

7.

Diego:

Beleza. E você...vá tomar um café para curar a tua ressaca!

ENGLISH 1.

Diego:

Y'alright, dude? You got floored at Malu's party yesterday! How ya doin'?

CONT'D OVER PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #25 - A PORT UGUES E POS T -PART Y DEBRI EF

2

2.

Enemar:

I've got a hangover the size of a street car. I drank a ton and now I feel horrible. Shoot! This time is really messed up. This isn't going to be easy. What did you think of the group?

3.

Diego:

They're pretty cool. They eat and drink a lot. The party was awesome, wasn't it?

4.

Enemar:

Yeah. I thought it was a hit. I was flirting with one of Beth's cousins, Tânia. What a hottie! They say her old man got change. But this daddy a good guy, not an idiot, and played innocent.

5.

Diego:

Oh yeah? Hey bro, d'ya know the name of that hottie that showed up around eleven with that guy from Paranaguá that's irritating as a buzzkill? I need to find some way to meet her but I had to jet early.

6.

Enemar:

As unbelievable as it may seem, I ended up catching a ride with them soon after, because I was broke and couldn't pay for a bus. She's going to the party at Luiz's house this Friday. If you want to show up around eleven.

7.

Diego:

Beauty! And you...go get a coffee to cure your hangover!

VOCABULARY Por tugue se

English

C lass

hein?

eh?

question marker

besta

stupid, idiot, fool

noun

feminine

bro

bro

noun

masculine

porre

drunkeness

noun

masculine

carona

hitchhiking, lift, ride

noun

feminine

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

Ge nde r

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #25 - A PORT UGUES E POS T -PART Y DEBRI EF

3

inocente

innocent

adjective

ressaca

hangover

noun

feminine

esquina (Brazilian)

corner

noun

feminine

rodo

squeegee

noun

masculine

barato

cheap

adjective

masculine

besta

beast

noun

feminine

pôxa

man, shoot, wow

interjection

prima

cousin (female)

noun

feminine

bonde

cable car, trolley car

noun

masculine

grana

money

noun

feminine

mole

easy, soft, weak,

adjective

paquerar pintar

pintar

to be in-like with someone

verb

to paint

verb

to appear, to show up, to arrive

verb

linguíça

sausage

noun

feminine

graça

grace

noun

feminine

caramba

wow

interjection

vazar

to leak

verb

incrível

incredible

adjective

SAMPLE SENTENCES

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #25 - A PORT UGUES E POS T -PART Y DEBRI EF

4

O que vocês estão fazendo aqui, hein?

Eu não sou besta não.

"What are you doing here?"

"I'm not stupid."

Oh bro, que 'cê tá fazendo aqui?

Tomou um porre ontém, heim?

"Hey bro, whadya doin' here?"

"You got drunk yesterday, eh?"

Você pode me dar uma carona até a

O tribunal decretou que era inocente.

escola?

"The tribunal decreed that he was

"Could you give me a ride to school?"

innocent."

Toma um café para curar sua ressaca.

O meu amigo trabalha num mercado que

"Drink some coffee to help your hangover."

fica na esquina desta rua. "My friend works at a grocery store at the corner of this street."

A farmácia fica logo após a esquina. "The pharmacy is soon after the corner."

No Brasil, é mais comum usar rodo que esfregão para limpar a cozinha ou banheiro. "In Brazil, it's more common to use a squeegee than a mop to clean the kitchen or bathroom."

O rodo sai por dez reais.

Comprei meu carro muito barato.

"The squeegee leaves (the store) for ten

"I bought my car very cheap."

reals." As bestas do campo "the beasts of the field"

Pôxa, eu pensei que o show seria melhor. "Man, I thought the show would be better."

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #25 - A PORT UGUES E POS T -PART Y DEBRI EF

5

Você conhece a prima do Sandro? "Do you know Sandro's cousin?"

Existem muitos bondes no Rio de Janeiro. "There are many cable cars in Rio de Janeiro."

Você perdeu aquela grana toda?

Não tá mole não.

"Did you lose all of that money?"

"It isn't easy."

Ele está paquerando ela.

O meu filho adora pintar.

"He's starting to like her."

"My son loves to paint."

Leonardo da Vinci pintou a Mona Lisa.

Ele pintou lá pelas onze.

"Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona

"They arrived around eleven."

Lisa." O cliente está a pagar na caixa.

Eu não gosto de linguiça.

"The customer is paying at the register."

"I don't like sausage."

Teve a graça de ver logo atendido seu

Caramba.

pedido.

"Wow."

"He had the grace to see his request quickly granted." O balde de carregar água estava vazando.

Você é incrível. "You are incredible."

"The water carrying bucket was leaking."

GRAMMAR The Focus of this Lesson is o uso e compreensão de gíria e expressões idiomáticas. Diz que o velho dela têm mó grana.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #25 - A PORT UGUES E POS T -PART Y DEBRI EF

6

"They say her old man got change."

This is a special lesson devoted to a large number of universally used slang terms that don't quite qualify as "expressions" yet. Cara cheia The literal translation is "full face," and it is an allusion to another expression that, when you are drinking a lot, you are filling your face with alcohol. Puxa The literal translation is "pull," but it's really an interjection, kind of like "shoot" in English. Given the situation, we would probably translate this to a curse word, but in Portuguese, puxa is not a curse word. It is very acceptable in this situation. Tomou um porre The literal translation is "took a drunkenness," but it means "got very drunk." Não ta mole não The literal translation is "isn't soft no," but it means "It isn't easy." This is a bit of a euphamism used to describe something difficult. Hein? Hein? doesn't really have a translation as it isn't a real word. It's a question marker used when soliciting a response of some kind. It's often heard from mothers to children and can have a bit of a patronizing tone to it, but that's usually because of the tone of voice, not just the word. Mó grana The literal translation doesn't make much sense because mó isn't really a word. It's a shortened way to say maior. The idea is that he has a lot of money. Paquerar The usual translation for paquerar is "to flirt." But in practical use, it's closer to "fall in like" with someone. It's not as strong as namorar and is quite similar to "flirt," and you certainly can flirt with someone you are paquerando, but not necessarily. Gata vs. gatinha The literal translation is "little cat." But it means "hot girl." So the tip is that gata and gatinha are

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #25 - A PORT UGUES E POS T -PART Y DEBRI EF

7

basically the same unless you're talking to older women, say, above the age of forty. This slang term sounds a bit childish to them. Comes e bebes a rodo The literal translation is "eats and drinks to the squeegee," but it means "eat and drink a lot." The part about comes e bebes is a fixed phrase, and we think they are nouns, not verbs, as they seem. Maior barato The literal translation is "bigger cheap," but it means "great fun." This phrase is more a slang term than an expression, but it is used quite often. Papai aqui The literal translation is "daddy here," and you'd think, since he was talking about about her father, he'd be referring to him, but he's actually referring to himself. Kind of like the phrase, "Who's your daddy?" And while I could never prove it, I think that's where the phrase actually came from. Gente fina The literal translation is "fine people," but it means "good people" and carries with it the idea of honest, kind, gentle, morally good people. Gente fina is used to describe people that you like. It can be used to describe a group or an individual. Não é besta não The literal translation is "isn't beast no," but it means "isn't an idiot" or "isn't stupid." Deu uma de inocente The literal translation is "gave one of innocent," but it means "played innocent" or "played dumb." The idea is that he gave a performance that made it look like he was innocent. Pintar The literal translation is "to paint," but it's a slang term that means "to show up" or "to appear." This is a slang term, but it's a very common one. I've even heard it used on the news, but they pulled it off in a very intelligent way by referring to the "painting" that soccer fans had done to their faces which made them "show up." Pintar is a casual way to talk and probably not appropriate in a business setting. Enchendo linguíça

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #25 - A PORT UGUES E POS T -PART Y DEBRI EF

8

The literal translation is "filling sausage," but it means "making stuff up" or "faking it." This phrase has a bit of a negative connotation and is used usually as a criticism. I remember in a meeting where the boss told one of the department heads that he didn't want anymore of her enchendo linguíça. She was quite offended and ended up leaving the company. He wasn't an easy boss to work with. Two things to remember here are that the gui doesn't have a trema, but it does have the gui sound. So remember that. The second is that the ça is a ç not a ss. Vazar The literal translation is "to leak," and vazar is often used like that, but in this context, it means "to leave." Since it's a slang term, we translated it as "to jet." Vazar is a slang term that is heavily used in some parts of Brazil, and in other parts, it's completely outdated. Pay special attention to the people in your area and how they use this word.

CULTURAL INSIGHT Heavy Slang

Slang is a sensitive subject, and in reality, it is quite difficult to use properly. You've learned quite a few slang words so far, and there will always be more because slang changes constantly. This dialogue is an example of heavy slang. This isn't the dirty slang that often happens on the street, but this is the kind of slang that could easily happen between two friends after a party. We've never gone very deep into this because most of our listener base really isn't interested in learning this kind of language. But if enough of you are interested, we'll consider building some more lessons and maybe even an entire series like this.

PORT UGUES EPOD101.COM

UPPER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #25 - A PORT UGUES E POS T -PART Y DEBRI EF

9

Intro

12

Making Five-Year Plans in Portuguese

1

Getting to the Heart of a Portuguese Matter

13

Portuguese Verbs are Shapely Too

2

A Peculiar Place for Portuguese Pick-up Lines

14

An Unexpected Outcome in Brazil

3

A Suspicious Portuguese Agenda

15

Everything Changes in Portuguese

4

A Time for Everything in Brazil

16

Evading the Issues in Portuguese

5

Planning a Date in Portuguese

17

Is That Brazilian Girl Into You?

6

Two Many People in Portuguese

18

Do You Concur in Portuguese?

7

Are Flowers the Answer to your Portuguese

19

A Spectacular Show of Portuguese Fireworks

Problem?

20

Do You Have a Brazilian Drivers' License?

8

Know Your Portuguese Numbers

21

Doing the Honorable Thing in Brazil

9

A Funny First Date in Brazil

22

Small Talk, Portuguese Style

10

Are Brazilian Computers Masculine or

23

A Delicate Portuguese Question

Feminine?

24

A Strange Place for a Brazilian Wedding Ring

An Unimportant Second Date in Brazil

25

A Portuguese Post-Party Debrief

11

©2016 Innovative Language Learning, LLC (P)2015 Innovative Language Learning, LLC presented by japanesepod101.com

View more...

Comments

Copyright � 2017 SILO Inc.